Hydrangea arborescens
| Hydrangea arborescens | |
|---|---|
| File:Hydrangea arborescens 001.JPG | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Hydrangeaceae |
| Genus: | Hydrangea |
| Species: | H. arborescens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hydrangea arborescens | |
Hydrangea arborescens, commonly known as smooth hydrangea or sevenbark, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. It is a small- to medium-sized, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall [3] that is native to the eastern United States.[4]
Description
[edit | edit source]The inflorescence is a corymb up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in) wide. Showy, sterile flowers are usually absent or if present they are usually less than 1 cm in diameter on the edge of the panicles.[4] Flowering occurs May to July. Fruit is a ribbed, brown capsule about 2 mm long. Many are produced in October and persist through the winter.[3]
The leaves are large (8 to 18 cm long), opposite, serrated, ovate, and deciduous. The lower leaf surface is glabrous or with inconspicuous fine hairs, appearing green; trichomes of the lower surface are restricted to the midrib and major veins.
The stem bark has a peculiar tendency to peel off in several successive thin layers with different colors, hence the common name "sevenbark".[5]
Smooth hydrangea can spread rapidly by stolons to form colonies.[6]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]At one time both ashy hydrangea (Hydrangea cinerea) and silverleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea radiata) were considered subspecies of smooth hydrangea.[7] However, most taxonomists now consider them to be separate species.[4][8]
Distribution and habitat
[edit | edit source]Smooth hydrangea is widely distributed across the eastern United States—from southern New York to the panhandle of Florida, west to eastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas. It is mainly found in mesic soils under the canopy of deciduous forests and is frequently found along small water courses and on woodland road waysides.[9] It is common in the Delaware River Valley and in the Appalachian Mountains.[4][5]
It is a host plant of the hydrangea sphinx moth.
Uses
[edit | edit source]This attractive shrub is often cultivated for ornamental use.[10][page needed] In the UK the cultivar 'Annabelle' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[11][12] The cultivar 'Grandiflora' has inflorescences which resemble snowballs, similar to Viburnum opulus 'Roseum'.
Smooth hydrangea root was used medicinally by the Cherokee, and later, by early settlers for treatment of kidney and bladder stones.[13][14]
It has additionally been marked as a pollinator plant, supporting and attracting bees and butterflies.[15]
Gallery
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'Annabelle'
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'Grandiflora'
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Leaf adaxial side
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Leaf abaxial side
References
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- ^ McClintock, E. 1957. A monograph of the genus Hydrangea. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 29: 147-256.
- ^ Pilatowski, Ronald E. A taxonomic study of the Hydrangea arborescens complex. Castanea 47: 84-98.
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External links
[edit | edit source]
- Cook, Will. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of North Carolina. Wild Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens).
- Information on cultivar Annabelle
- Hydrangea arborescens Large-format diagnostic photos and information
- Hydrangea Thoughts I - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology).
- Briartech.com: Smooth Hydrangea, Hydrangea arborescens.
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- NatureServe secure species
- Hydrangea
- Flora of the Northeastern United States
- Flora of the Southeastern United States
- Flora of the United States
- Flora of Alabama
- Natural history of the Great Smoky Mountains
- Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
- Plants described in 1753
- Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus