Coordinates: 39°24′S 69°00′W / 39.4°S 69.0°W / -39.4; -69.0

Huincul Formation

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Not to be confused with Huincul Fault.
Huincul Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian
~97–93 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofNeuquén Group
 Río Limay Subgroup
UnderliesLisandro Formation
OverliesCandeleros Formation
Thickness250 m (820 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherClaystone
Location
CoordinatesLua error in Module:Coordinates at line 489: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Approximate paleocoordinatesLua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
RegionMendoza, Río Negro & Neuquén Provinces
CountryArgentina
ExtentNeuquén Basin
Type section
Named forPlaza Huincul
Named byKeidel
Year defined1929
Huincul Formation is located in Argentina
Huincul Formation
Huincul Formation (Argentina)

The Huincul Formation is a geologic formation of Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Early Turonian) age of the Neuquén Basin that outcrops in the Mendoza, Río Negro and Neuquén Provinces of northern Patagonia, Argentina.[1] It is the second formation in the Río Limay Subgroup, the oldest subgroup within the Neuquén Group. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Huincul Formation was known as the Huincul Member.[2]

Description

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The type locality of the Huincul Formation is near the town of Plaza Huincul in Neuquén Province after which the formation was named by Wichmann in 1929.[3] This formation conformably overlies the Candeleros Formation, and it is in turn overlain by the Lisandro Formation.

The Huincul Formation is thought to represent an arid environment with ephemeral or seasonal streams.[4] In some areas, it is up to 250 metres (820 ft) thick. It is mainly composed of green and yellow sandstones and can easily be differentiated from the overlying Lisandro Formation, which is red in color. The Candeleros Formation, underlying the Huincul, is composed of darker sediments, making all three formations easily distinguishable.[2][5]

Paleobiota

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Fauna of Huincul Formation

Dinosaur fossils are frequently found in the Huincul Formation. The titanosaurian sauropod Argentinosaurus huinculensis, one of the largest known land animals, is named after the formation.[2] Another noteworthy Huincul dinosaur is the carcharodontosaurid theropod Mapusaurus roseae, which is regarded as one of the largest known terrestrial predators.[4]

Dinosaurs

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Apart from sauropods and theropods, rare fossils of iguanodonts and other ornithopods have been recorded in the formation.[6] Ichnofossils (footprints) of abelisaurid theropods and hadrosaurs are also known.[7]

Ornithischians

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Ornithischians of the Huincul Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Chakisaurus[8] C. nekul Pueblo Blanco Natural Reserve Lower[9][10] Multiple partial skeletons belonging to individuals of different ages An elasmarian ornithopod; the first ornithischian named from the Huincul Formation
File:Chakisaurus nekul.png

Sauropods

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Sauropods of the Huincul Formation
Genus Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Argentinosaurus A. huinculensis Las Overas Upper Seven dorsal vertebrae, partial sacrum, partial dorsal rib, fibula, and potentially other hindlimb bones One of the largest titanosaurs sauropod known from relatively complete remains
File:Argentinosaurus BW.jpg
Astigmasaura[11] A. genuflexa El Orejano Lower A partial articulated skeleton including tail vertebrae, the pelvic girdle, and both hindlimbs A rebbachisaurid sauropod
File:Astigmasaura genuflexa.png
Bustingorrytitan B. shiva Villa El Chocón Lower Four specimens are known, including dentary and postcranial skeleton parts. A titanosaurian sauropod
File:Bustingorrytitan TD.png
Cathartesaura C. anaerobica[12] La Buitrera Lower A partial skeleton consisting of vertebrae and limb bones. A rebbachisaurid sauropod

Center

Choconsaurus C. baileywillisi[13] Villa El Chocón Lower Partial skeleton without a skull, MMCh-PV 44/10. A titanosaurian sauropod
File:Choconsaurus Scale.svg
Chucarosaurus C. diripienda Violante farm. Lower[9][10] A complete left humerus, partial left radius, complete left metacarpal II, left ischium, partial left femur and fibula, partial right tibia, and partial indeterminate metapodial.[14] A titanosaurian sauropod
File:Chucarosaurus TD.png
Cienciargentina C. sanchezi[15] Villa El Chocon Lower Multiple partial skeletons, including several vertebrae and limb bones A rebbachisaurid sauropod
File:Cienciargentina sanchezi.png
Limaysaurus L. tessonei Villa El Chocón Lower A partial articulated skeleton composed of two sacra, the first six caudals, pubis and ischium. A rebbachisaurid sauropod
Limaysaurus
Limaysaurus
Sidersaura S. marae Barda Atravesada de Las Campanas Lower Multiple partial skeletons, including partial pelvic and pectoral girdles, limb bones, and vertebrae A rebbachisaurid sauropod
File:Sidersaura marae.png

Theropods

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Theropods of the Huincul Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Aoniraptor A. liberataem Violante Farm Lower[9][10] Sacral vertebra, six proximal caudal vertebrae, four mid-caudal vertebrae.[16] Possibly a megaraptoran
File:Aoniraptor reconstruction as megaraptoran.png
Gualicho G. shinyae Violante Farm Lower[9][10] A partial skeleton lacking the skull along with several veterbraes, ribs, the left shoulder girdle, the left forelimb, the right lower arm, the lower ends of both pubic bones, thighbones, shinbones, calf bones, metatarsi and three toes of the right foot (Holotype MPCN PV 0001). A theropod of uncertain affinities
File:Gualicho shinyae restoration.jpg
Huinculsaurus H. montesi Aguada Grande Upper Several vertebrae[17] A noasaurid
File:Huinculsaurus LM.png
Ilokelesia I. aguadagrandensis Aguada Grande Upper Fragmented skull and the axial, appendicular skeleton. An abelisaurid
Ilokelesia
Ilokelesia
Mapusaurus[18] M. roseae Cañadón del Gato Upper (middle section of formation)[19] A partial skull consisting of an isolated right nasal, along with twelve paratypes based on additional isolated skeletal elements A carcharodontosaurid
File:Mapusaurus BW.jpg
Meraxes M. gigas[19] Las Campanas Creek Lower A nearly complete skull, pectoral and pelvic elements, partial forelimbs, complete hindlimbs, fragmentary ribs, and cervical and dorsal vertebrae, a sacrum, and several complete caudal vertebrae. A carcharodontosaurid
Meraxes gigas reconstruction
Meraxes gigas reconstruction
Overoraptor O. chimentoi[20] Violante Farm Lower[9][10] Skeletal specimen consists of two phalanges and a metacarpal of the right hand, two hemal arches, the right scapula, the right ulna, a partial ilium, a partial pubis, two metatarsals from each foot, and several phalanges and unguals from the left foot. A paravian
File:Overoraptor chimentoi.png
Skorpiovenator S. bustingorryi Bustingorry's Farm Lower A partial skeleton An abelisaurid
File:Skorpiovenator bustingorryi.jpg
Taurovenator[16] T. violantei[16] Violante Farm Lower[9][10] An isolated right postorbital and a referred partial skeleton. A carcharodontosaurid
File:Taurovenator violantei.png
Tralkasaurus T. cuyi Violante Farm Lower [9][10] An incomplete skeleton ( MPCA-Pv 815), which comprises a maxilla; dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae; cervical ribs; and a badly-preserved pubis. An abelisaurid

Other reptiles

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Apart from the taxa named here, fossils of unnamed squamates and neosuchian crocodyliforms have been discovered in the formation.[21]

Non-dinosaur reptiles of the Huincul Formation
Genus Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Kaikaifilusaurus K. sp. Violante's Farm Lower Incomplete right dentary[9] An eilenodontine rhynchocephalian
Patagosphenos[9] P. watuku Violante's Farm Lower Disarticulated skull with shoulder and limb fragments An eilenodontine rhynchocephalian
Prochelidella [22] P. buitreraensis La Buitrera Upper A partial skeleton with a skull, two cervical vertebrae, a partial left humerus, a partial left ulna, a partial left radius, a right pelvic girdle, a nuchal, and a right first costal. A chelid turtle

Paleoflora

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At least forty species of pollen specimens are derived from the taxons of angiosperms (monosulcate, tricolpate, tricolporoidate, and tricolporate), ferns, mosses and gymnosperms discovered within the El Zampa Section of Huincul Formation.[23]

Angiosperms

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Angiosperms of the Huincul Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Clavatipollenites C. rotundus El Zampal Section Upper A pollen A chloranthaceae
Cretacaeiporites C. scabratus Upper A pollen A trimeniaceae
Dryadopollis D. argus Upper A pollen A magnoliophyte
Fraxinoipollenites F. fragilis Upper A pollen A magnoliophyte
Nyssapollenites N. lanosus Upper A pollen A magnoliophyte
Retimonocolpites R. peroreticulatus Upper A pollen An angiosperm pollen morphotaxon of uncertain affinities

Bryophytes (Moss)

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Mosses of the Huincul Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Foraminisporis F. asymmetricus El Zampa Section Upper A pollen A moss
F. wonthaggie
Interulobites I. intrabverrucatus Upper A pollen A moss
Tricolpites T. variabilis Upper A pollen A bryopside moss
T. sagax Upper A pollen
Taurocusporites T. segmenta Upper A pollen A moss

Gymnosperms

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Gymnosperms of the Huincul Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Araucariacites A. australis El Zampa Section Upper A pollen An araucariaceae
Callialasporites C. dampieri Upper A pollen A callialasporites
C. trilobatus
Classopollis C. martinotti Upper A pollen A cheirolepidiaceae
Cyclusphaera C. psilata Upper A pollen An araucariaceae
Cycadopites C. nitidus Upper A pollen A cycadophyte
Equisetosporites E. evidens Upper A pollen A cycadophyte
E. irregularis A pollen
E. ovatus A pollen
Microcachryidites M. antarcticus Upper A pollen A podocarpaceae
Singhia S. multicostata Upper A pollen A gymnospermopsida

Ferns

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Ferns of the Huincul Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Biretisporites B. poton El Zampa Section Upper A pollen A schizaeaceae
Cicatricosisporites C. dorogensis Upper A pollen A schizaeaceae
Concavissimisporites C. punctatus Upper A pollen A pteridopsida
Cyathidites C. australis Upper A pollen A pteridopsida
Echinatisporis E. longech Upper A pollen A pteridopsida
E. sp A pollen
Microreticulatisporites M. lacunosus Upper A pollen A pteridophyte
"M. sp"
Polycingulatisporites P. circulus Upper A pollen A pteridophyte
P. cf. reduncus
Triporoletes T. singularis Upper A pollen A pteridophyte
T. reticula

Other Plants

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Other plants of the Huincul Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Balmeiopsis B. limbatus El Zampa Section Upper A pollen A pollen morphotaxon of uncertain affinities
Elateroplicites E. africaensis Upper A pollen A pollen morphotaxon of uncertain affinities
Leptolepidites L. proxigranulatus Upper A pollen A lycopsid

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Huincul Formation at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ a b c Sánchez et al., 2006
  3. ^ Wichmann, 1929
  4. ^ a b Coria & Currie, 2006
  5. ^ Leanza et al., 2004, p.68
  6. ^ Canudo, J. I., Salgado, L., Garrido, A., Carballido, J. L., Aragosaurus-IUCA, G., Lobo, I., Negro, R., & Olsacher, J. A. (2013). Primera evidencia de dinosaurios ornitópodos en la base de la Formación Huincul (Cenomaniense Superior-Turoniense, Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina) First evidence of ornithopod dinosaurs at the base of Huincul Formation (Cenomanian - Upper Turonian, Neuquén Basin, Argentina).
  7. ^ Leonardi, 1994, p.30
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  18. ^ Canale et al., 2012
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  22. ^ Maniel, Ignacio J.; de la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Pérez Mayoral, Joaquin; Sanchez, Maria L.; Veiga, Gonzalo D.; Smales, Ian (2020-02-24). "Cranial and postcranial remains of a new species of Prochelidella (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) from 'La Buitrera' (Cenomanian of Patagonia, Argentina), with comments on the monophyly of this extinct chelid genus from southern Gondwana". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (12): 1033–1055. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1033M. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1721579. S2CID 214500365. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  23. ^ Vallati, P. (2001). Middle Cretaceous Microflora from the Huincul Formation (“Dinosaurian Beds”) in the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina. Palynology, 25, 179–197. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3687705

Bibliography

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