Harzandi dialect
| Harzani | |
|---|---|
| Harzandi | |
| Native to | Iran |
Native speakers | 36,000 (2021)[1] |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | hrz |
| Glottolog | harz1239 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Harzandi or Harzani (Tati: هرزندی، هرزنی) is a dialect of the Tati language,[2][3][4][5] spoken in the northern regions of the East Azarbaijan province of Iran. It is strictly an oral language, and a descendant of the Old Azeri language that has long been extinct as a result of the diffusion of Turkish in the area.[6] Harzandi has many common linguistic features with both Talysh and Zaza and was positioned between the Talysh and Zaza.[7]
General Information
[edit | edit source]Harzani Tati is considered an endangered language with a little less than 30,000 speakers in present day.[8] Its speakers principally reside in the rural district of Harzand, particularly in the village known as Galin Qayah. Harzani is also present in the neighboring villages of Babratein and Dash Harzand.[6]
As of now, Harzani has not been formally recognized by the Islamic Republic of Iran, and thus receives no government support.[9]
Language Features
[edit | edit source]Source:[9]
Like other languages and dialects of the Iranian language family, Harzani follows a subject–object–verb (SOV) word order. It has nine vowels, and shares a consonant inventory with Persian. It further exhibits a split-ergative case system: its present tense is structured to follow nominative-accusative patterning, while its past tense follows ergative-absolutive.
One characteristic that distinguishes Harzani from related Northwestern Iranian languages is its change from an intervocalic /d/ to an /r/.[3] It also has a tendency to lengthen its vowels. For instance, it has the closed vowel /oe/.
Nouns and Pronouns
[edit | edit source]Nouns and pronouns in Harzani do not reflect grammatical gender, but they do express case. Nouns, in particular, encode two cases: direct and oblique case, the first of which is not rendered morphologically, but the second is by attaching a suffix. Meanwhile, personal pronouns have three cases: direct, oblique, and possessive.
Verbs
[edit | edit source]Verbs in Harzani are inflected for present tense and past tense. Information concerning person and number is reflected in suffixes that attach to these two verb stems. Modal and aspectual information is expressed using prefixes.
Numeral System
[edit | edit source]Part of Harzani's counting system is as follows:[10]
| 1. | i | 11. | doh-o-i | 21. | vist-o-i | 40. | t͡ʃel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2. | de | 12. | doh-o-de / dozde | 22. | vist-o-de | 50. | pind͡ʒe |
| 3. | here | 13. | doh-o-here | 23. | vist-o-heri | 60. | ʃeʃt |
| 4. | t͡ʃö | 14. | doh-o-t͡ʃö / t͡ʃördæ | 24. | vist-o-t͡ʃö | 70. | hæftö |
| 5. | pind͡ʒ | 15. | doh-o-pind͡ʒ / puzæ | 25. | vist-o-pind͡ʒ | 80. | hæʃtö |
| 6. | ʃoʃ | 16. | doh-o-ʃoʃ | 26. | vist-o-ʃoʃ | 90. | soj-i-doh-kim |
| 7. | hoft | 17. | doh-o-hoft | 27. | vist-o-hoft | 100. | soj / sæ |
| 8. | hæft | 18. | doh-o-hæft / hæʒdæ | 28. | vist-o-hæft | 200. | de sæ |
| 9. | nov | 19. | doh-o-nov | 29. | vist-o-nov | 1000. | hæzo |
| 10. | doh | 20. | vist | 30. | si | 2000. | de-hæzo |
Sample Words
[edit | edit source]| arina Friday[3] |
| ruzare 'west' |
| ruz 'sun' |
| parare 'below' |
| parpe 'above' |
| -are 'under' |
| oev (öv) 'water' |
| voer 'wind' |
| hoev 'sister' |
| isbaa 'dog' |
See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Harzani at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
- ^ Kārang, A. A. 1954: Tāti va Harzani. Tabriz: Esma’il Va’ezpur.
- ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Tati Language (An Introduction), Professor Ehsan Yarshater.
- ^ Tati group (Tati-Talyshi); Donald Stilo (1981)
- ^ a b Karimzadeh, J. 1994: "The Verbal Constructions in Azari (Harzani Dialect)." Master's thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Harzani at Ethnologue (17th Edition, 2014)]
- ^ a b Harzani Archived 2014-05-02 at the Wayback Machine at Languages of the World (LLOW)
- ^ [1] Archived 2014-05-02 at the Wayback Machine at Eugene Chan's Catalog of the World's Numeral Systems
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Kārang, A. A. 1954: Tāti va Harzani. Tabriz: Esma’il Va’ezpur.
- Korn, A. 2009: "Western Iranian Pronominal Clitics." In: Orientalia Suecana LVIII.
- Mortazavī, M. 1954: "Noktei cand az zabān-e harzani." In: NDATabriz 6, 304-314.
- Mortazavī, M. 1963: "Fe‘l dar zabān-e harzani." In: NDATabriz 15, 61-97.
- Stilo, D. 1981: "The Tati Language Group in the Sociolinguistic Context of Northwestern Iran and Transcaucasia." In: Iranian Studies 14.3/4, 137-187.
- Zokā, Y. 1957: "Gūyeš-e Galin-Qaye: 'Harzandi'." In: Farhang-e Irānzamin.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Harzani at the Endangered Languages Project
- Sample of Harzani on YouTube