Haplogroup W
(Redirected from Haplogroup W (mtDNA))
| Haplogroup W | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 23,900 ybp[1] |
| Possible place of origin | West Asia |
| Ancestor | N2 |
| Descendants | W1, C194T, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7 |
| Defining mutations | 195 204 207 1243 3505 5460 8251 8994 11947 15884C 16292[2] |
Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Origin
[edit | edit source]Haplogroup W is believed to have originated around 23,900 years ago in Western Asia.[1] It is descended from the haplogroup N2.
Distribution
[edit | edit source]
Haplogroup W is found in Europe, Western Asia, and South Asia.[3] It is widely distributed at low frequencies, with a high concentration in Northern Pakistan.[4] Haplogroup W is also found in the Maghreb among Algerians (1.08%-3.23%)[5] and in Siberia among Yakuts (6/423 = 1.42%[6]).
Additionally, the clade has been observed among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Ptolemaic Kingdom.[7]
The W5 subclade has been found in a fossil associated with the Starčevo culture (Lánycsók site; 1/1 or 100%).[8]
Ancient DNA analysis found that the medieval individual Sungir 6 (730-850 cal BP) belonged to the W3a1 subclade.[9]
Subclades
[edit | edit source]Tree
[edit | edit source]
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup W subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.
- W
- W1 – Italy,[10] Poland,[11] Czech Republic, Slovenia, Finland, Spain, Qashqai people of Iran[12]
- W-C194T
- W3 - Turkey,[20] Azerbaijan,[20][21] India (Jammu and Kashmir,[20][22] Tamil Nadu[20])
- W3a
- W3a1 – Armenians,[23] Turkey[20] (Turkish,[20] Kurd[24]), France (Toulouse,[25] Sarthe[20]), Italy (Tuscany,[26] Sardinia,[27] Sicily,[28] Umbria,[29] Campania,[30] Trentino-Alto Adige[31]), Hungary,[20] Poland,[20][32] Ukraine,[20] Belarus,[20] Russia (Sunghir6 from 750 - 900 ybp Vladimir Oblast,[20] Sverdlovsk Oblast,[20] Omsk Oblast,[20] Ingushetia,[20] Volga Tatar,[20] Chechens[20]), Denmark,[20] Berbers from Morocco,[33] Pakistan (Pashtun,[20] Kho[20]), India,[20] Singapore,[20] United States[20]
- W3a1a
- W3a1a1 – Polish people, Ashkenazi Jews[34]
- W3a1a2 - Russia (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast,[20] Tatar from Buinsk[20])
- W3a1a3 - Poland (Podkarpackie[20]), United States[20]
- W3a1a+T9090C - Pakistan (Kho[20])
- W3a1a+A15325G - Italy (Napoli[20])
- W3a1b – Pakistan (Pashtuns,[20] Sindhi, Azad Kashmir[20]), India[20] (New Delhi,[35] Andhra Pradesh[20]),[36] Bangladesh (Bengali[20]), Thailand[20] (Mon,[citation needed] Thai[citation needed]), China (Shanghai[20]), United States[20] (Hispanic)
- W3a1-T199C
- W3a1c - England,[20] United States,[20] Slovakia,[20] Russia (Ryazan Oblast,[20] Tambov Oblast,[20] Bashkortostan[20]), Kazakhstan,[20] China (Daur[20][37])
- W3a1d – Hungarians,[38][39] Serbia,[40] Republika Srpska,[20] Latvia,[20] Poland,[20] Ukraine,[20] Russia (Ulyanovsk Oblast,[20] Yakuts[41][20]), New Zealand[20]
- W3a1a
- W3a2 – France (Seine-Maritime[20]), Poland,[20] India,[42][20] Uygurs from China[20]
- W3a1 – Armenians,[23] Turkey[20] (Turkish,[20] Kurd[24]), France (Toulouse,[25] Sarthe[20]), Italy (Tuscany,[26] Sardinia,[27] Sicily,[28] Umbria,[29] Campania,[30] Trentino-Alto Adige[31]), Hungary,[20] Poland,[20][32] Ukraine,[20] Belarus,[20] Russia (Sunghir6 from 750 - 900 ybp Vladimir Oblast,[20] Sverdlovsk Oblast,[20] Omsk Oblast,[20] Ingushetia,[20] Volga Tatar,[20] Chechens[20]), Denmark,[20] Berbers from Morocco,[33] Pakistan (Pashtun,[20] Kho[20]), India,[20] Singapore,[20] United States[20]
- W3b – Italy (Calabria[43]), Albania,[20] Serbia,[20] Romania (Bucharest[20]), Bulgarians,[20][44] Turkey,[20] Iraq[20] (Assyrian[45]), Iran,[20] Armenians,[46] Kurds, Tajiks (especially Wakhis and other Pamiris), Pakistan (Burusho, Kho, Makrani), Cambodia,[47] Uyghurs[20]
- W3b1 – Austrians, Ashkenazi Jews[48]
- W3a
- W4 - Denmark,[49] Poland,[50] Italy (Sardinia,[20] Umbria[51]), Pakistan (Sindhis[20]), India (Jammu and Kashmir[20][52]), Mongolia,[20][53] United Kingdom (ancient Orkney[54])
- W4a - England (St Mary Spital, pre-Black Death medieval London, ca. 725 years before present[55]), Ukraine (Russian speaker from Kharkiv Oblast[20]), India,[20] China (Xinjiang ca. 1412 - 1529 years before present[20])
- W4a1 – Finns,[56] Sweden (Dalarna County[20]), Poland (Mazowieckie[20]), Turkey,[20] England,[20] United States[20]
- W4b - Italy,[20] Mongolia[20]
- W4c - Italy,[20] Poland,[20] India[20]
- W4d - Albania,[20] Turkey (Kurds[20][57]), Iraq (Baghdad[20]), Iran (Lorestan[58]), Pakistan (Kho[59])
- W4a - England (St Mary Spital, pre-Black Death medieval London, ca. 725 years before present[55]), Ukraine (Russian speaker from Kharkiv Oblast[20]), India,[20] China (Xinjiang ca. 1412 - 1529 years before present[20])
- W5 - Denmark,[60][20] Poland,[61][20] Serbia,[62][20] Algeria[20] (Batna[63]), Morocco (Berber[64]), Iran (Persian[65]), United States[66][20]
- W5a - Germany,[20] Denmark[67][20]
- W5a1
- W5a1a – Flemish people, Norway (Rogaland[20]), Denmark,[20] Italy (Tuscany[20][68]), Canary Islands,[69] Brazil,[20] Irish people, Polish people,[70][20] Russia (Belgorod Oblast[20][71]), Canada,[20] United States[20]
- W5a1a1 - England,[20] Estonia,[20] Russia (Adyghe in Kabardino-Balkaria[20])
- W5a1a1a
- W5a1a1 - England,[20] Estonia,[20] Russia (Adyghe in Kabardino-Balkaria[20])
- W5a1a – Flemish people, Norway (Rogaland[20]), Denmark,[20] Italy (Tuscany[20][68]), Canary Islands,[69] Brazil,[20] Irish people, Polish people,[70][20] Russia (Belgorod Oblast[20][71]), Canada,[20] United States[20]
- W5a2 - United Kingdom,[20] Denmark,[20] Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia[20]), Poland[20]
- W5a2b
- W5a1
- W5b - Portugal (Azores,[20] Leiria[20])
- W5b1 - Denmark[20]
- W5b1a
- W5b1 - Denmark[20]
- W5a - Germany,[20] Denmark[67][20]
- W6 – Sindhis, Han Chinese from Xi'an city, Italy, Kuwait,[72] Persians[73] from Iran, Russia (North Ossetia,[74] Belgorod Oblast), Kazakhstan, Mongolia
- W7 – Armenians[36]
- W8 – Bedouin of Israel, Yemen, Iran
- W9
- W3 - Turkey,[20] Azerbaijan,[20][21] India (Jammu and Kashmir,[20][22] Tamil Nadu[20])
Famous members
[edit | edit source]- Biologist Rudolf Raff was a member of haplogroup W.[80]
- Journalist and investor Laurel Touby is a member of haplogroup W3a.[81]
- Businesswoman and television host Martha Stewart belongs to haplogroup W6.[82]
See also
[edit | edit source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup W (mtDNA).
|
Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Meit Metspalu et al., Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans. BMC Genetics, 2004
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).; S5 Table
- ^ Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, et al., "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia." BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:127. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 92_Tor793_W1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146272.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate poz377 haplogroup W1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MT588229.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens haplogroup W1* mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911537.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate E8_fi_ath haplogroup W1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516604.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate S90_fi_ath haplogroup W1b1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516694.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens haplogroup W1c mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911592.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 1549629 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JX153072.1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de Phylogeny of mtDNA haplogroup W according to YFull
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate Ararat_11 haplogroup W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MF362752.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 94_Tor782_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146273.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 105_Tor769_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146277.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens haplogroup W3a1d mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KY849398.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 257_Sb haplogroup W3a1d mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MK617275.1.
- ^ Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013), "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens haplogroup W3b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MG910309.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate Artsakh_54 haplogroup W3b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MF362844.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate S79_fi_ath haplogroup W4a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516681.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens haplogroup W5a1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KX518741.1.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 188_Tor779_W6 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146287.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens haplogroup W6 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911449.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate NOS10 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JQ245723.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 205_Tor786_W6b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146290.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens haplotype W6c1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KX363871.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens haplotype W6c mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF553923.1.
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 32_Mu mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MK491385.1
- ^ Homo sapiens isolate 32_Mu mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JQ245759.1
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]- General
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- The India Genealogical DNA Project
- Haplogroup W
- Spread of Haplogroup W, from National Geographic
- mtDNA Haplogroup W Project
- YFull MTree's Haplogroup W
- mitoLEAF's Haplogroup W
- MITOMAP's Haplogroup W
- FamilyTreeDNA's mtDNA Haplotree: Haplogroup W