Guianan red cotinga
| Guianan red cotinga | |
|---|---|
| File:Guianan Red Cotinga (Phoenicircus carnifex).jpg | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Cotingidae |
| Genus: | Phoenicircus |
| Species: | P. carnifex
|
| Binomial name | |
| Phoenicircus carnifex | |
| File:Phoenicircus carnifex map.svg | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
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The Guianan red cotinga (Phoenicircus carnifex) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae, the cotingas.[2] It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.[3]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit | edit source]In 1743 the English naturalist George Edwards included an illustration and a description of the Guianan red cotinga in the first volume of his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. He used the English name "The Red Bird from Surinam". Edwards based his hand-colored etching on a specimen in the collection of the Duke of Richmond.[4] When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the Guianan red cotinga with the shrikes in the genus Lanius. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Lanius carnifex and cited Edwards' work.[5] The Guianan red cotinga is now placed in the genus Phoenicircus that was introduced in 1832 by the English naturalist William Swainson.[6][2] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek phoinikeos meaning "crimson" or "dark red" with kerkos meaning "tail". The specific epithet carnifex is Latin meaning "executioner" or "murderer".[7]
The Guianan red cotinga shares genus Phoenicircus with the black-necked red cotinga (P. nigricollis) and the two form a superspecies.[2][8] Both are monotypic.[2]
Description
[edit | edit source]The Guianan red cotinga is 22 to 24 cm (8.7 to 9.4 in) long and weighs about 82 to 95 g (2.9 to 3.4 oz). The sexes have different plumage. Adults have distinctive forehead feathers that project forward, partially concealing the nostrils, and prominent bristles around the base of the bill. Adult males have a glossy bright red crown on an otherwise blackish to maroon-brown head. Their upperparts are also blackish to maroon-brown. Their wings are mostly rufescent brown with duskier primaries. Their tail is bright red with a dark brownish bar across the end. Their underparts are bright red. Females are larger than males. They have a dull reddish crown and ear coverts on an otherwise olive face; their upperparts and wings are also olive. Their tail is dull reddish. Their underparts are rosy red. Both sexes have a red-brown iris, a horn-colored to brownish orange bill, and pinkish to pale brownish orange legs and feet. Immature males resemble adult females with deeper red underparts.[9]
Distribution and habitat
[edit | edit source]The Guianan red cotinga is found from eastern Bolívar state in far eastern Venezuela east through the Guianas and south in northern Brazil. In Brazil the western edge of its range is eastern Roraima and eastern Amazonas, its eastern edge the Atlantic in northwestern Maranhão, and its southern edge in the lower Tapajós River drainage. The western part of its range slightly overlaps that of the black-necked red cotinga. It inhabits humid to wet lowland forest.[9] In elevation it reaches 250 m (800 ft) in Venezuela and 600 m (2,000 ft) in Brazil.[10][11]
Behavior
[edit | edit source]Movement
[edit | edit source]The Guianan red cotinga is believed to be a year-round resident.[9]
Feeding
[edit | edit source]The Guianan red cotinga appears to feed only on fruit; species in at least eight botanical families have been recorded as its source. It plucks the fruits while perched or with a short sally.[9]
Breeding
[edit | edit source]Male Guianan red cotingas display to females at a lek. They swoop between perches that are typically between about 8 and 12 m (25 and 40 ft) above the ground. While perched they lean forward, droop their wings and tail, and call noisily. In Suriname the display period spans at least December to May. One nest was a shallow cup made from mud and twigs lined with rootlets and plant fibers. It was built in a crevice in a tree about 2.7 m (9 ft) above the ground. When discovered in late January it held two nestlings.[9][12]
Vocalization
[edit | edit source]The dawn call of the Guianan red cotinga is "pee-chew-eet". During the lek display its wings make a mechanical whirring sound.[11] When alarmed it makes a "wheep".[9]
Status
[edit | edit source]The IUCN has assessed the Guianan red cotinga as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It is considered rare and very local in Venezuela and uncommon in Brazil.[10][11] It is known in two preserves in Venezuela and is "almost certainly present in several other protected areas".[9]
References
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- ^ a b c d Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 July 2025. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. South American Classification Committee of the International Ornithological Union. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved July 31, 2025
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). The title page bears the year 1831 but the volume was not published until 1832.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 July 2025. A classification of the bird species of South America. South American Classification Committee of the International Ornithological Union. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 31, 2025
- ^ a b c d e f g Snow, D. (2020). Guianan Red-Cotinga (Phoenicircus carnifex), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gurcot1.01 retrieved August 23, 2025
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- ^ Gomes, F.B.R., Leite, G.A. and Andretti, C.B. (2015). "Notes on nest and chicks of the Guianan Red Cotinga (Phoenicircus carnifex) in Amazonas, Brazil". Wilson J. Orn.. 127(3): 521–523.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Stamps (for Suriname) with RangeMap
- Photo; Article planktonik.com
- Photo-High Res Archived 2007-06-10 at the Wayback Machine; Article Archived 2007-06-10 at the Wayback Machine www.mnh.si.edu—"Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield"
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