Kukatj language
| Kukatj | |
|---|---|
| Gugadj | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Cape York Peninsula, Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Kukatj, Kalibamu |
| Extinct | late 20th century |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ggd |
| Glottolog | guga1239 |
| AIATSIS[1] | G28, G27 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Kukatj, also rendered Gugadj, is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. The name Kalibamu has also been assigned to it, although this may be a separate dialect.[2][3] It is spoken by the Kukatj people. A single speaker was last recorded in 1975.
It has also been referred to as Kukatja, but this is not to be confused with the Kukatja Western Desert Language spoken south of Balgo, Western Australia, or the Luritja dialect of the Western Desert Language, spoken in the Northern Territory also referred to as Kukatja by some.
Other synonyms for Kukatj are Marago, Gudadj, Gudadji, Gugady, Gugatj, Kokatj, Kukatji, Kukatyi, and Konggada.[2]
Kalibamu
[edit | edit source]AIATSIS assigns a separate code to Kalibamu (G27), with the synonyms Kukatj, Galimbamu, Galibamu, Golbiri, and Kotanda, although its status is listed as "unconfirmed" as of December 2024[update]. It says that while Galibamu is reported as a separate dialect by Capell (1963) and Tindale, Breen (2006) says that Galibamu appears to be the same as what he calls Kukatj.[4]
It was spoken by the Kalibamu people.
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | ||
| Plosive | p | k | t̪ | c | t | (ʈ) | |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | n̪ | ɲ | n | (ɳ) | |
| Rhotic | trill | r | |||||
| tap | ɾ | ||||||
| Lateral | l | (ɭ) | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ɻ | ||||
- Retroflex sounds [ʈ, ɳ, ɭ] occur as a result of alveolar sounds /t, n, l/ following rhotic sounds in the following sequences /-rt-, -rn-, -rl-/.
Vowels
[edit | edit source]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i, iː | u, uː | |
| Mid | (ə) | ||
| Open | a, aː |
- /ə/ exists as an underlying vowel within consonant positions.[5]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ G28 Kukatj at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)
- ^ a b G28 Kukatj at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ G27 Kalibamu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).