Coordinates: 50°50′20″N 4°21′18″E / 50.83889°N 4.35500°E / 50.83889; 4.35500

Great Synagogue of Europe

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For similarly named synagogues, see Great Synagogue.

Great Synagogue of Europe
  • Grande synagogue d'Europe (French)
  • Grote Synagoge van Europa (Dutch)
File:Bruxelles — La Grande Synagogue — Grote Synagoge van Brussel.jpg
Religion
AffiliationJudaism
DistrictSablon/Zavel
Ecclesiastical or organizational statusSynagogue
LeadershipAlbert Guigui
StatusActive
Location
LocationRue de la Régence / Regentschapsstraat 32
1000 City of Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region
CountryBelgium
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Architecture
ArchitectDésiré De Keyser (fr)
TypeSynagogue architecture
StyleRomanesque Revival
Groundbreaking1875
Completed1878

The Great Synagogue of Europe (French: Grande synagogue d'Europe; Dutch: Grote Synagoge van Europa), formerly known as the Great Synagogue of Brussels (French: Grande synagogue de Bruxelles; Dutch: Grote Synagoge van Brussel), is the main synagogue in Brussels, Belgium, which was dedicated as a focal point for European Jews in 2008.

The building was designed in 1875 in a Romanesque-Byzantine style by the architect Désiré De Keyser (fr) and constructed in 1878. The synagogue survived the Holocaust in which 25,000 Belgian Jews died. Its chief rabbi is Albert Guigui and there are approximately 15,000 persons of Jewish faith in the city (as of 2008).[1] It is located at 32, rue de la Régence/Regentschapsstraat in the Sablon/Zavel district (south-eastern part of Brussels' city centre). This site is served by the tram stop Petit Sablon/Kleine Zavel (on lines 92 and 93)

History

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Early history

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Shortly following Belgian independence, in 1831, Judaism was recognised as an official religion (besides Roman Catholicism, the country's majority faith, and Protestantism).[2][3] Despite this recognition, the Jewish community in Brussels had no place of worship, so in 1833, it acquired a building called the Petite Boucherie ("Small butcher's shop") on what is now the Place de Dinant/Dinantplein[4] (formerly the Place de Bavière/Beierenplein) in central Brussels from the Society of Friends of Fine Arts and converted it into a synagogue. This first synagogue was inaugurated a few months later by the first Chief Rabbi of Belgium, Eliakim Carmoly.

File:Bruxelles, Synagogue -05.jpg
The Great Synagogue in the early 20th century

In 1875, the community had a larger synagogue built at its current address on the Rue de la Régence/Regentschapsstraat in the Sablon/Zavel district of Brussels. To avoid it being mistaken for a church, the architect Désiré De Keyser (fr) decided for a Romanesque-Byzantine style.[5] The stained glass windows were made by Henri Dobbelaere from Bruges, the bronze chandeliers are by the Compagnie des Bronzes de Bruxelles, and the furniture and the place where the Tablets of the Law are kept are by the cabinetmaker L. Demeuter.[4] The Great Synagogue of Brussels was inaugurated in 1878[4][5] by the Chief Rabbi Élie-Aristide Astruc.

1982 terrorist attack

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On Rosh Hashanah, 18 September 1982, the synagogue was attacked by a man with a submachine gun, seriously wounding four people.[6][7] The attack has been attributed to the Abu Nidal Organization, a Palestinian militant group.[8]

Dedication as "Great Synagogue of Europe"

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On 4 June 2008, the synagogue was dedicated as the "Great Synagogue of Europe" by then-President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso, who signed a dedication document alongside two chief rabbis, with his name later inscribed on a plaque inside the building. It was envisioned to become a "symbolic focal point for Judaism in Europe", comparable to St. Peter's Basilica for Roman Catholics. The dedication ceremony featured the reading of a specially crafted "Prayer for Europe" and performances by the European Choir (fr), which consists of 100 singers from 20 EU member states.[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Caroline Sägesser, Les structures du monde juif en Belgique (in French), Courrier hebdomadaire du CRISP, no. 1615, 1998
  3. ^ Martine Cohen and Jean-Philippe Schreiber, Les juifs de France et de Belgique à la croisée des chemins: du paradigme confessionnel à la société multiculturelle (in French), N.p., 2009
  4. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  9. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

Bibliography

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  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  • Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons

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