Golfingiida
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| Golfingiida | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Annelida |
| Class: | Sipuncula |
| Subclass: | Sipunculidea E. Cutler and Gibbs, 1985 |
| Order: | Golfingiida E. Cutler and Gibbs, 1985 |
| Families | |
Golfingiida, also known as the Golfingiiformes, is an order of peanut worms.[1][2][3][4] The tentacles form a circle around the mouth, while those of the sister taxon, Phascolosomatidea, are only found above the mouth. Most species burrow in the substrate but some live in the empty shells of gastropods.[5] It is an order of the class Sipuncula (previously considered a phylum), and contains the following families:[6]
- Golfingiidae[7][8]
- Phascolionidae[9]
- Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814
- Themistidae[10]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Gibbs, P.E. (1977): British sipunculans. Academic Press. London. 35p. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Ditadi, A.S.F. & Migotto, A.E. (1982): O Filo Sipuncula. Concelho Nacional de Desemvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico CNPq Brasilia. 43p.
- ^ Cutler, Edward B. & Gibbs, Peter E. (1985): A Phylogenetic analysis of higher taxa in the Phylum Sipuncula. Systematic Zoology 34(2):162-173.
- ^ Cutler, Edward B. (1994): The Sipuncula: their systematic, biology and evolution. Cornell University Press. 406p Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine Archived 2011-04-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Cutler, Edward B., Cutler, Norma J. & Gibbs, Peter E. (1985): A revision of the Golfingia subgenera Golfingiela, Stephen, 1964, and Siphonoides, Murina, 1967 (Sipuncula). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96(4):669-674.
- ^ Cutler, Edward B. & Cutler, Norma J. (1987): Revision of the genus Golfingia (Sipuncula: Golfingiidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 100(4):735-761.
- ^ Cutler, Edward B. & Cutler, Norma J. (1985): A revision of the genera Phascolion Theel, and Onchnesoma Koren and Danielssen (Sipuncula). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98(4):809-850.
- ^ Cutler, Edward B. & Cutler, Norma J. (1988): A revision of the genus Themistes. (Sipuncula). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101(4):741-766.
External links
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Wikispecies has information related to Golfingiida.
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