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Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 , also known as glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2 ), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene .[ 1]
The glycine transporter 2 is a membrane protein which recaptures glycine , a major inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem . GlyT2 is a specific marker of glycinergic neurons and a member of the Na+ and Cl− -coupled transporter family SLC6. Glycine uptake mediated by GlyT2 is electrogenic, coupled to three Na+ and one Cl− (i.e. two positive charges per glycine). In humans, GlyT2 is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene . Inactivation of GlyT2 in knockout mice is lethal during the second post-natal week as the absence of GlyT2 disrupts inhibitory transmission by reducing glycine release. Mutations in SLC6A5 gene are responsible for a presynaptic form of hyperekplexia , a genetic disease causing increased startle reflex. GlyT2 main physiological role is to recapture glycine released in the synaptic cleft and to maintain high glycine concentration in the presynaptic neuron. Therefore, chronic inhibition of GlyT2 will deplete intracellular storage of glycine and limit its accumulation in synaptic vesicles.[ 1] [ 2]
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By group
SLC1–10
(1): (2): (3): (4): (5): (6): (7): (8): (9): (10):
SLC11–20
(11): (12): (13): (14): (15): (16): (17): (18): (19): (20):
SLC21–30
(21): (22): (23): (24): (25): (26): (27): (28): (29): (30):
SLC31–40
(31): (32): (33): (34): (35): (36): (37): (38): (39): (40):
SLC41–48
(41): (42): (43): (44): (45): (46): (47): (48):
Receptor (ligands )
GlyR Tooltip Glycine receptor
Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., brometone , chlorobutanol (chloretone) , ethanol (alcohol) , tert -butanol (2M2P)tribromoethanol , trichloroethanol , trifluoroethanol )Alkylbenzene sulfonate Anandamide Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital , sodium thiopental )Chlormethiazole D12-116 Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine )Etomidate Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ginsenoside-Rf ))Glutamic acid (glutamate) Ivermectin Ketamine Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone , pregnenolone (eltanolone) , pregnenolone acetate , minaxolone , ORG-20599 )Nitrous oxide Penicillin G Propofol Tamoxifen Tetrahydrocannabinol Triclofos Tropeines (e.g., atropine , bemesetron , cocaine , LY-278584 , tropisetron , zatosetron )Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , desflurane , diethyl ether (ether) , enflurane , halothane , isoflurane , methoxyflurane , sevoflurane , toluene , trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) , trichloroethylene )Xenon Zinc Antagonists: 2-Aminostrychnine 2-Nitrostrychnine 4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine αEMBTL Bicuculline Brucine Cacotheline Caffeine Colchicine Colubrine Cyanotriphenylborate Dendrobine Diaboline Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG , anandamide (AEA) )Gaboxadol (THIP) Gelsemine iso-THAZ Isobutyric acid Isonipecotic acid Isostrychnine Laudanosine N-Methylbicuculline N-Methylstrychnine N,N-Dimethylmuscimol Nipecotic acid Pitrazepin Pseudostrychnine Quinolines (e.g., 4-hydroxyquinoline , 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid , 5,7-CIQA , 7-CIQ , 7-TFQ , 7-TFQA )RU-5135 Sinomenine Strychnine THAZ Thiocolchicoside Tutin Negative modulators: Amiloride Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam , clonazepam , diazepam , flunitrazepam , flurazepam )Corymine Cyanotriphenylborate Daidzein Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine , nifedipine , nitrendipine )Furosemide Genistein Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide , ginkgolides (e.g., ginkgolide A , ginkgolide B , ginkgolide C , ginkgolide J , ginkgolide M ))Imipramine NBQX Neuroactive steroids (e.g., 3α-androsterone sulfate , 3β-androsterone sulfate , deoxycorticosterone , DHEA sulfate , pregnenolone sulfate , progesterone )Opioids (e.g., codeine , dextromethorphan , dextrorphan , levomethadone , levorphanol , morphine , oripavine , pethidine , thebaine )Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin )PMBA Riluzole Tropeines (e.g., bemesetron , LY-278584 , tropisetron , zatosetron )Verapamil Zinc NMDAR Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
Transporter (blockers )
GlyT1 Tooltip Glycine transporter 1 GlyT2 Tooltip Glycine transporter 2
