Gleichenia
| Gleichenia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gleichenia microphylla, Mornington Peninsula, Victoria | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Gleicheniales |
| Family: | Gleicheniaceae |
| Genus: | Gleichenia Sm. |
| Type species | |
| Gleichenia polypodioides (L.) Smith
| |
| Species | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Gleichenia is a genus of ferns.[2] Its closest relative is the genus Stromatopteris,[3] restricted to New Caledonia.
Description
[edit | edit source]These ferns have creeping rhizomes. The compound eaves fork multiple times, with the final leaf lobes ending in a pinnate arrangement. The sori are found at the bottom of the leaves and are made of a few sporangia. They are not covered by an indusium (protective covering).[4] The sori occur in a unique chamber in the laminar pits - a feature found only in this genus.[5]
Fossil record
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The fossil record indicates that this genus had emerged by the late Jurassic period, although it was far more common in the early Cretaceous period.[6] There is some evidence that it may have emerged even earlier - in the upper Triassic period.[7] There are, however, multiple genera in the fossil record that show a similar leaf branching pattern to Gleichenia, which can make it difficult to determine the exact identity of a specimen that does not have adequately preserved fruiting bodies.[8]
Fossils have been found in across a wide geographic range including:
- The Pariwar formation in India (Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary)
- Gardeshwar in India (early Cretaceous)[9]
- The Silty Beds of Bedfordshire in England (early Albian age, early Cretaceous).[10]
- The USA (Cretaceous)[7]
- New South Wales, Australia (Miocene epoch, Neogene period)[5]
Phylogeny
[edit | edit source]The following species are recognised as of February 2023:[1][2][11][12]
Phylogeny of Gleichenia[13][14]
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Unassigned species:
- Gleichenia alstonii Holttum
- Gleichenia elongata Baker
- Gleichenia matthewii Holttum
- Gleichenia paleacea (Copel.) Holttum
- Gleichenia peltophora Copel.
- Gleichenia ×punctulata Colenso
- Gleichenia vulcanica Blume
References
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- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Pryer, K. M., E. Schuettpelz, P. G. Wolf, H. Schneider, A. R. Smith, and R. Cranfill (2004). Phylogeny and Evolution of Ferns (Monilophytes) with a Focus on the Early Leptosporangiate Divergences. American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1582–98.
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External links
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