Garavice
| Garavice | |
|---|---|
| Ustaše extermination site | |
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| Coordinates | Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 489: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Location | near Bihać, Independent State of Croatia |
| Operated by | Independent State of Croatia and Ustashas |
| Operational | July 1941 – September 1941 |
| Inmates | primarily Serbs, Jews and Roma |
| Killed | 7,000-12,000 |
| Liberated by | Yugoslav Partisans |
Garavice (Serbian Cyrillic: Гаравице) was an extermination location established by the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II in Yugoslavia near Bihać, in the Independent State of Croatia. Between 7,000 and 12,000 people, mostly Serbs and Jews were murdered at Garavice by the Ustasha in 1941.[1]
The killings in Garavice were part of a widespread genocide of Serbs, that included expulsions, forced religious conversions, and massacres of ethnic Serbs by the Ustasha regime in the Independent State of Croatia. These atrocities were carried out by Croat quisling forces and Axis occupying forces during World War II.[2][3][4][5]
Background
[edit | edit source]The Independent State of Croatia (NDH) was founded on 10 April 1941 by the Axis powers (after the invasion of Yugoslavia), who installed the fascist Ustasha organization as the puppet government. The Independent State of Croatia consisted of most of modern-day Croatia and all of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with some parts of modern-day Serbia and Slovenia.[6] NDH was the only nation beside Germany to operate extermination camps during World War II.[7][better source needed]
Some of the first decrees issued by the Poglavnik of the Independent State of Croatia, Ante Pavelić, reflected the NDH's adoption of the racist ideology of Nazi Germany towards Jews and Serbs.[8]
Mass murders
[edit | edit source]Arrests of Serb and Jewish civilians in and around Bihać were ordered by Ljubomir Kvaternik, a county prefect, in June 1941. Arrestees were transported and executed at Garavice, near Bihać. In July 1941, the Ustashas murdered between 7,000-12,000 Serbs, Jews, and Roma in Garavice.[9] The largest number of victims were Serbs. Corpses were thrown in mass graves at Garavice or tossed into the nearby Klokot and Una rivers.[10][11] A large amount of blood contaminated the local water supply.[12]
Memorial Park
[edit | edit source]In 1981, the Yugoslav government established a memorial park in Garavice, designed by renowned architect Bogdan Bogdanović and opened 39 years after the massacre. In 2011, the memorial park was declared a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[13] Since then, however, the park has reportedly been neglected by the Bosnian government, and is overgrown with weeds and bushes, and desecrated with Nazi and Ustasha graffiti.
See also
[edit | edit source]References
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- ^ Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2008). Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia. New York: Columbia University Press. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
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- ^ The Yugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican, Vladimir Dedijer, Gottfried Niemietz, Harvey L. Kendall, 1992, Prometheus Books; Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)., page 34.
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External links
[edit | edit source]
- 1941 in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Antiziganism in Europe
- Concentration camps of the Independent State of Croatia
- History of the Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- History of the Serbs of Croatia
- Holocaust massacres and pogroms
- Massacres in the Independent State of Croatia
- Persecution of Serbs
- Massacres of Serbs
- Bihać in World War II