FIDE World Chess Championship 1996

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FIDE World Chess Championship 1996
 
Defending champion
Challenger
 
Anatoly Karpov
Anatoly Karpov
Gata Kamsky
Gata Kamsky
  Russia Anatoly Karpov United States Gata Kamsky
 
10½Scores7½
  Born 23 May 1951
45 years old		 Born 2 June 1974
22 years old
  Winner of the Candidates Match against Belarus Boris Gelfand Winner of the Candidates Match against Russia Valery Salov
  Rating: 2770
(World No. 3)		 Rating: 2735
(World No. 5)
← 1993
1998 →

The FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 was a chess tournament held by FIDE to determine the World Chess Champion.

Background

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At the time the World Chess Champion title was split.

In 1993, Nigel Short had qualified via FIDE's usual format to meet champion Garry Kasparov in a championship match. However, Kasparov and Short broke with FIDE and played under the auspices of a new organization which they had organized, the Professional Chess Association (PCA). Kasparov won this match to remain champion.

With its two top players withdrawn, FIDE awarded the two slots in its 1993 championship match to Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman, both of whom had been defeated in earlier qualification rounds by Short. Karpov won the match to become the FIDE World Champion.

The FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 was FIDE's first since the 1993 split. Meanwhile, the PCA held its Classical World Chess Championship 1995, in which Kasparov defeated Viswanathan Anand to retain his title.

Many of the same players competed in both organization's qualifying events. However, Kasparov and Short did not compete in the FIDE event.

1993 Interzonal tournament

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FIDE held an Interzonal tournament in Biel in July 1993, run as a 73 player, 13 round Swiss system tournament.[1]

The top 10 from the Interzonal qualified for a Championship tournament. In the event of a tie break, players were ranked by the sum of their opponents' Elo ratings, excluding the lowest rating.

1993 FIDE Interzonal Tournament
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total Tie break
1 File:Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg GM Boris Gelfand (Belarus) 2670 =35 +49 =6 +39 =3 +43 =2 +10 +17 =5 =13 =9 =7 9
2 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg GM Paul van der Sterren (Netherlands) 2525 =51 =41 +71 +31 +26 =13 =1 =6 =4 =7 +17 =8 =3 8½ 31545
3 File:Flag of the United States.svg GM Gata Kamsky (United States) 2645 +12 =25 +47 =28 =1 =16 +32 =4 +6 =17 =5 =7 =2 8½ 31470
4 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Alexander Khalifman (Russia) 2645 +58 =43 +45 +8 -10 =6 +24 =3 =2 =16 +26 =5 =9 8½ 31390
5 File:Flag of England.svg GM Michael Adams (England) 2630 -44 +60 -22 +68 +62 +65 +28 +9 =7 =1 =3 =4 =6 8½ 31345
6 File:Flag of Israel.svg GM Leonid Yudasin (Israel) 2605 +67 =44 =1 =36 +48 =4 +23 =2 -3 =11 +29 +13 =5 8½ 31340
7 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Valery Salov (Russia) 2685 =49 +71 =31 +55 +42 +24 =10 -17 =5 =2 +21 =3 =1 8½ 31285
8  GM Joël Lautier (France) 2620 +26 +62 =17 -4 =22 =21 +33 =16 =9 =15 +27 =2 +24 8½ 31280
9 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Vladimir Kramnik (Russia) 2710 -45 +19 =35 +38 +55 +37 =17 -5 =8 +31 +16 =1 =4 8½ 31240
10 File:Flag of India.svg GM Viswanathan Anand (India) 2725 =16 =22 +44 +25 +4 =17 =7 -1 =21 =27 =18 +28 =11 8 31435
11 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Vladimir Epishin (Russia) 2655 =18 =35 =38 =45 =41 =36 +42 +39 =13 =6 =24 +15 =10 8 31305
12 File:Flag of Armenia.svg GM Smbat Lputian (Armenia) 2555 -3 +70 -39 +71 =31 =56 -14 +55 =20 +52 =51 +40 +32 8 31275
13 File:Flag of Latvia.svg GM Alexei Shirov (Latvia) 2685 =65 +53 =32 =22 +47 =2 =16 =29 =11 +23 =1 -6 +21 8 31195
14 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg GM Vassily Ivanchuk (Ukraine) 2705 =22 =16 =21 =65 =25 =47 +12 =37 =23 =29 +33 =24 +27 8 31125
15 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg GM Ivan Sokolov (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2610 +66 =23 +57 -17 =21 =22 =37 =27 +36 =8 +35 -11 +30 8 31030
16 File:Flag of Hungary.svg GM Lajos Portisch (Hungary) 2585 =10 =14 =40 +44 +56 =3 =13 =8 +29 =4 -9 =18 =20 7½ 31855
17 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Evgeny Bareev (Russia) 2660 +38 +39 =8 +15 =24 =10 =9 +7 -1 =3 -2 =21 =18 7½ 31580
18 File:Flag of Latvia.svg GM Evgeny Sveshnikov (Latvia) 2570 =11 =29 +20 -37 =50 -33 +70 +43 =28 +45 =10 =16 =17 7½ 31515
19 File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg GM Bosko Abramovic (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) 2460 =47 -9 +53 +33 =29 -26 =56 +59 -31 +46 =37 +45 =22 7½ 31140
20 File:Flag of Hungary.svg GM Judit Polgár (Hungary) 2630 =34 =46 -18 =27 +58 =41 -35 +57 =12 +43 =31 +26 =16 7½ 30850
21 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Alexey Dreev (Russia) 2570 +40 -24 =14 +52 =15 =8 +43 =31 =10 +22 -7 =17 -13 7 31795
22 File:Flag of the United States.svg GM Patrick Wolff (United States) 2585 =14 =10 +5 =13 =8 =15 =31 =40 +52 -21 -28 +56 =19 7 31700
23 File:Flag of the United States.svg GM Yasser Seirawan (United States) 2575 +63 =15 =51 =56 +36 =28 -6 +24 =14 -13 =40 =31 =33 7 31625
24 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg GM Mikhail Gurevich (Belgium) 2605 +69 +21 =28 +43 =17 -7 -4 -23 +44 +39 =11 =14 -8 7 31465
25 File:Flag of Estonia.svg GM Lembit Oll (Estonia) 2595 +70 =3 =56 -10 =14 -40 =46 =34 =38 +65 -30 +63 +51 7 31415
26 File:Flag of India.svg GM Dibyendu Barua (India) 2510 -8 +63 +41 +51 -2 +19 -29 +32 =35 +40 -4 -20 =28 7 31405
27 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg GM Jeroen Piket (Netherlands) 2590 -71 +59 -42 =20 +61 +52 =40 =15 +56 =10 -8 +38 -14 7 31360
28 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg GM Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland) 2625 +30 +42 =24 =3 =37 =23 -5 -35 =18 +41 +22 -10 =26 7 31225
29 File:Flag of the United States.svg GM Boris Gulko (United States) 2635 =46 =18 =58 +35 =19 =42 +26 =13 -16 =14 -6 +43 =31 7 31120
30  IM Xu Jun (China) 2535 -28 =68 +72 =50 -39 -51 +62 +65 =32 =36 +25 +37 -15 7 30985
31  GM Robert Hübner (Germany) 2605 +60 =57 =7 -2 =12 +55 =22 =21 +19 -9 =20 =23 =29 7 30980
32 File:Flag of Iceland.svg GM Jóhann Hjartarson (Iceland) 2605 +59 =55 =13 -42 +45 +39 -3 -26 =30 =51 +49 +35 -12 7 30970
33 File:Flag of Peru.svg GM Julio Granda (Peru) 2605 -55 =61 +49 -19 +34 +18 -8 +51 =45 =35 -14 +47 =23 7 30930
34  GM Ye Jiangchuan (China) 2535 =20 -48 =68 =46 -33 +69 =57 =25 =47 =42 +65 =36 +45 7 30880
35  GM Eric Lobron (Germany) 2575 =1 =11 =9 -29 +46 =48 +20 +28 =26 =33 -15 -32 =38 6½ 31480
36 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Vasily Smyslov (Russia) 2520 =48 =37 +62 =6 -23 =11 =38 +41 -15 =30 =52 =34 =40 6½ 31260
37 File:Flag of England.svg GM Jon Speelman (England) 2605 =54 =36 +46 +18 =28 -9 =15 =14 -40 +56 =19 -30 =41 6½ 31165
38 File:Flag of the United States.svg IM Ilya Gurevich (United States) 2575 -17 +67 =11 -9 +69 =50 =36 -56 =25 +44 +39 -27 =35 6½ 31155
39 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg GM Zdenko Kožul (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2595 +64 -17 +12 -1 +30 -32 +65 -11 +42 -24 -38 =48 +61 6½ 31150
40 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg GM Kiril Georgiev (Bulgaria) 2660 -21 +66 =16 +57 -43 +25 =27 =22 +37 -26 =23 -12 =36 6½ 30835
41 File:Flag of Denmark.svg GM Curt Hansen (Denmark) 2590 =72 =2 -26 +73 =11 =20 =48 -36 +66 -28 +61 =51 =37 6½ 30735
42 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Evgeny Pigusov (Russia) 2585 +74* -28 +27 +32 -7 =29 -11 =48 -39 =34 =46 =52 =49 6 31305
43 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg GM Ian Rogers (Australia) 2595 +68 =4 +48 -24 +40 -1 -21 -18 +59 -20 +66 -29 =50 6 31195
44 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg GM Ľubomír Ftáčnik (Slovakia) 2535 +5 =6 -10 -16 =57 +62 +50 -52 -24 -38 =67 =58 +68 6 31130
45 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg GM Loek van Wely (Netherlands) 2585 +9 =50 -4 =11 -32 =70 +60 +47 =33 -18 +48 -19 -34 6 31090
46 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg GM Vasil Spasov (Bulgaria) 2540 =29 =20 -37 =34 -35 +73 =25 +50 =48 -19 =42 =62 =47 6 31040
47 File:Flag of Armenia.svg GM Vladimir Akopian (Armenia) 2600 =19 +54 -3 +61 -13 =14 =51 -45 =34 =50 +55 -33 =46 6 30995
48 File:Flag of Estonia.svg GM Jaan Ehlvest (Estonia) 2620 =36 +34 -43 +58 -6 =35 =41 =42 =46 =49 -45 =39 =52 6 30985
49  GM Jesús Nogueiras (Cuba) 2580 =7 -1 -33 =60 =70 +66 =55 =58 +53 =48 -32 =50 =42 6 30910
50 File:Flag of Norway.svg GM Simen Agdestein (Norway) 2610 +61 =45 -55 =30 =18 =38 -44 -46 +63 =47 =56 =49 =43 6 30910
51 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg GM Predrag Nikolić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2625 =2 +72 =23 -26 -65 +30 =47 -33 +58 =32 =12 =41 -25 6 30840
52 File:Flag of Israel.svg GM Ilya Smirin (Israel) 2640 -57 =69 +73 -21 +63 -27 +53 +44 -22 -12 =36 =42 =48 6 30800
53 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg IM Artur Frolov (Ukraine) 2535 =56 -13 -19 -69 +72 +71 -52 +64 -49 =59 -63 bye +66 6 30320
54  IM Darcy Lima (Brazil) 2475 =37 -47 -65 =67 -73 =68 +69 =71 =57 -66 bye +59 =63 6 30105
55  GM Walter Arencibia (Cuba) 2485 +33 =32 +50 -7 -9 -31 =49 -12 +71 =62 -47 =68 =56 5½ 30935
56 File:Flag of Spain.svg GM Miguel Illescas (Spain) 2625 =53 +65 =25 =23 -16 =12 =19 +38 -27 -37 =50 -22 =55 5½ 30880
57 File:Flag of Lithuania (1988-2004).svg GM Vidmantas Mališauskas (Lithuania) 2540 +52 =31 -15 -40 =44 =59 =34 -20 =54 =58 =68 =66 =62 5½ 30820
58 File:Flag of Sweden.svg GM Ferdinand Hellers (Sweden) 2560 -4 +64 =29 -48 -20 =67 +72 =49 -51 =57 =59 =44 =60 5½ 30690
59 File:Flag of Armenia.svg FM Tigran Nalbandian (Armenia) 2485 -32 -27 +64 -62 +68 =57 +63 -19 -43 =53 =58 -54 bye 5½ 30505
60 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg IM Lucas Brunner (Switzerland) 2475 -31 -5 =66 =49 =71 +61 -45 =68 -65 bye =62 =64 =58 5½ 30335
61 File:Flag of the United States.svg GM Alex Sherzer (United States) 2500 -50 =33 +69 -47 -27 -60 -68 +73 bye +64 -41 +67 -39 5½ 30325
62 File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg GM Semen Dvoirys (Russia) 2590 +73 -8 -36 +59 -5 -44 -30 =67 +70 =55 =60 =46 =57 5½ 30285
63 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg GM Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria) 2650 -23 -26 +67 =70 -52 =64 -59 +72 -50 +73 +53 -25 =54 5½ 30225
64 File:Flag of Morocco.svg IM Hichem Hamdouchi (Morocco) 2455 -39 -58 -59 bye =66 =63 +73 -53 =68 -61 +70 =60 =65 5½ 30200
65 File:Flag of the United States.svg GM Dmitry Gurevich (United States) 2575 =13 -56 +54 =14 +51 -5 -39 -30 +60 -25 -34 =69 =64 5 30965
66 File:Flag of Georgia (1990–2004).svg IM Giorgi Bagaturov (Georgia) 2495 -15 -40 =60 =72 =64 -49 +67 +70 -41 +54 -43 =57 -53 5 30435
67 File:Flag of Turkmenistan (1992–1997).svg IM Amanmurad Kakagaldyev (Turkmenistan) 2465 -6 -38 -63 =54 bye =58 -66 =62 +69 =68 =44 -61 =72 5 30330
68 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg IM Werner Hug (Switzerland) 2430 -43 =30 =34 -5 -59 =54 +61 =60 =64 =67 =57 =55 -44 5 30255
69  IM Alexandre Lesiège (Canada) 2485 -24 =52 -61 +53 -38 -34 -54 bye -67 =72 =73 =65 +71 5 30070
70 File:Flag of Argentina.svg IM Pablo Zarnicki (Argentina) 2455 -25 -12 bye =63 =49 =45 -18 -66 -62 +71 -64 =72 =73 4½ 30270
71 File:Flag of South Africa (1928–1982).svg David Gluckman (South Africa) 2330 +27 -7 -2 -12 =60 -53 bye =54 -55 -70 =72 +73 -69 4½ 30110
72 File:Flag of Greece.svg IM Nikolaos Kalesis (Greece) 2410 =41 -51 -30 =66 -53 bye -58 -63 -73 =69 =71 =70 =67 4 30170
73 File:Flag of Greece.svg IM Konstantinos Moutousis (Greece) 2425 -62 bye -52 -41 +54 -46 -64 -61 +72 -63 =69 -71 =70 4 30140
74 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Esam Aly Ahmed (Egypt) 2320 -42* 0

Esam Aly Ahmed forfeited his first-round game against Pigusov and was dropped from the tournament.

1994–96 Championship tournament

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The top 10 from the Interzonal were joined by 1993 FIDE World Champion Anatoly Karpov, 1993 FIDE runner-up Jan Timman, and 1993 Candidates semi-finalist Artur Yusupov.[2][3] (The other 1993 semi-finalist was the excluded Nigel Short).

The first round matches were held in Wijk aan Zee in January 1994, and the second round matches and third round matches in Sanghi Nagar in July–August 1994 and February 1995, respectively. If tied after the specified number of games (which happened only in the Kamsky-Anand match), rapid chess games were played as tie breaks.[4]

The format was a departure from all previous world championships, in that the reigning champion (Karpov) was not seeded directly into a championship match. Instead, he joined the competition at the third round (Candidates final).

First round (best of 8) Second round (best of 8) Third round (best of 10) Championship match
            
United States Gata Kamsky 4½
Netherlands Paul van der Sterren 2½
United States Gata Kamsky 6
India Viswanathan Anand 4
India Viswanathan Anand 4½
Germany Artur Yusupov 2½
United States Gata Kamsky 5½
Russia Valery Salov 1½
Netherlands Jan Timman 4½
France Joël Lautier 3½
Netherlands Jan Timman 3½
Russia Valery Salov 4½
Russia Alexander Khalifman 1
Russia Valery Salov 5
United States Gata Kamsky 7½
Russia Anatoly Karpov 10½
Belarus Boris Gelfand 5
England Michael Adams 3
Belarus Boris Gelfand 4½
Russia Vladimir Kramnik 3½
Israel Leonid Yudasin 2½
Russia Vladimir Kramnik 4½
Belarus Boris Gelfand 3
Russia Anatoly Karpov 6
 
 
 
 
 
 

1996 Championship match

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The final was held in Elista, Russia in June–July 1996 and played as best of 20 games.

FIDE World Chess Championship Match 1996
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total
File:Flag of Russia.svg Anatoly Karpov (Russia) 2770 1 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ ½ 10½
File:Flag of the United States.svg Gata Kamsky (United States) 2735 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ 7½

Karpov won and retained his title.

References

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  1. ^ 1993 FIDE Interzonal – Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  2. ^ 1994-96 FIDE Candidates Matches – Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  3. ^ 1996 Karpov - Kamsky FIDE Title Match – Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  4. ^ WCh 08 g6: Anand Won, Kramnik Done, Mig Greengard blog, October 20, 2008 (see comments in final paragraph)

Further reading

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