Exogyra
| Exogyra Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Exogyra flabellata (Owl Creek Formation, Late Cretaceous, Mississippi) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Ostreida |
| Family: | Gryphaeidae |
| Genus: | †Exogyra Say, 1820 |
| Species | |
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See text | |
Exogyra is an extinct genus of fossil marine oysters in the family Gryphaeidae, the foam oysters or honeycomb oysters.[1] These bivalves were cemented by the more cupped left valve. The right valve is flatter, and the beak is curved to one side. Exogyra lived on solid substrates in warm seas[citation needed] during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The former subgenus Exogyra (Aetostreon) Bayle, 1878,[3] is sometimes considered a separate genus due to a lack of the fine set of parallel ribs (chomata) separated by pits on the inner surface of the valves (which is present in the nominate subgenus).[4]
Species
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- Exogyra africana Say, 1820[5]
- Exogyra aquillana Stephenson, 1953
- Exogyra arietina Roemer, 1849[6]
- Exogyra callophyla Ihering, 1903
- Exogyra cancellata Stephenson, 1914
- Exogyra clarki Shattuck, 1903
- Exogyra columbella Meek, 1876
- Exogyra contorta Eichwald, 1868
- Exogyra costata Say, 1971
- Exogyra davidsoni Whidborne, 1883 [7]
- Exogyra erraticostata Stephenson[8]
- Exogyra fimbriata Conrad, 1855
- Exogyra flabellata (Goldfuss, 1833)
- Exogyra ganhamoroba Maury, 1936
- Exogyra guadalupae Whitney, 1937 (thesis)
- Exogyra haliotoidea Maury, 1936
- Exogyra laevigata J. de C. Sowerby, 1829 [9]
- Exogyra laeviuscula Roemer, 1849
- Exogyra lancha Stoyanow, 1949
- Exogyra levis Stephenson, 1952
- Exogyra mutatoria White, 1887
- Exogyra paupercula Cragin, 1893
- Exogyra plexa Cragin, 1893
- Exogyra potosina Castillo and Aguilera, 1895
- Exogyra ponderosa Roemer, 1849
- Exogyra praevirgula Douville & Jourdy, 1924[10][11]
- Exogyra quitmanensis Cragin, 1893
- Exogyra sergipensis Maury, 1936
- Exogyra sigmoidea Reuss, 1844[12]
- Exogyra solea Muller, 1910
- Exogyra texana Roemer, 1849
- Exogyra upatoiensis Stephenson, 1914
- Exogyra whitneyi Bose, 1910
- Exogyra woolmani Richards, 1947
Distribution
[edit | edit source]Fossils of Exogyra have been found in:[2]
- Jurassic
Afghanistan, Chile, China, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Germany, India, Kenya, Poland, Portugal, Somalia, Spain, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, and Yemen.
- Cretaceous
Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Canada (British Columbia), Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia (Hiló Formation, Tolima, Macanal and Chipaque Formations, Eastern Ranges),[13][14] Cuba, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, USSR, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, United States (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wyoming), Venezuela, and Yemen.
References
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Exogyra at Fossilworks.org
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Exogyra africana
- ^ Roemer, F. (1849). Texas mit besonderer Rücksicht auf deutsche Auswanderung und die physischen Verhältnisse des Landes nach eigener Beobachtung. A. Marcus.
- ^ Exogyra davidsoni at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Exogyra
- ^ Lake.P., and Rastall.R.H., (1913), A Text Book of Geology, 2nd edition, London: Edward Arnold's Geological series Page 426 and 436
- ^ Exogyra praevirgula
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Ivanov. M., Hrdlickova. S., and Gregorova. R., (2005), The Complete Encyclopedia of Fossils, 3rd. ed., Lisse: Rebo International, page 133
- ^ Piraquive et al., 2011, p. 204
- ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p. 54
Bibliography
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Further reading
[edit | edit source]- National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fossils
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- Gryphaeidae
- Prehistoric bivalve genera
- Jurassic bivalves
- Cretaceous bivalves
- Mesozoic animals of Africa
- Cretaceous Africa
- Mesozoic animals of Asia
- Cretaceous Asia
- Mesozoic animals of Europe
- Cretaceous Europe
- Mesozoic animals of North America
- Cretaceous Canada
- Cretaceous Mexico
- Cretaceous United States
- Mesozoic animals of South America
- Cretaceous Argentina
- Cretaceous Brazil
- Mesozoic Chile
- Cretaceous Colombia
- Cretaceous Peru
- Cretaceous Venezuela
- Jurassic genus first appearances
- Cretaceous extinctions
- Fossils of Serbia
- Fossil taxa described in 1820
- Taxa named by Thomas Say
- Prehistoric mollusc stubs