Escuminac Formation

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Escuminac Formation
Stratigraphic range: Devonian (Middle Frasnian) 385–374 Ma
File:Miguasha affleurement 2.jpg
Outcrops of the Escuminac Formation in Miguasha National Park
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofMiguasha Group[1]
UnderliesBonaventure Formation[1]
OverliesFleurant Formation[1]
Location
RegionQuebec
CountryCanada

The Escuminac Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Frasnian, in the Devonian period.[2][3]

Description

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File:Fauna of the Escuminac formation.png
A reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of the Escuminac Formation.

Miguasha National Park is located within this formation along the estuary of the Restigouche River on the south coast of the Gaspé Peninsula. The fossil biota from the Park is thus referred to as the Miguasha biota.[1] The main Miguasha exposures were named the 'René Bureau Cliffs' after the geologist and paleontologist.[1] This formation is sufficiently rich that some material could be sacrificed for microanatomical and histological study through thin sectioning; this was done, among others, for the actinopterygian Cheirolepis,[4] the actinistian Miguashaia[5] and the tetrapodomorph Euthenopteron.[6]

The formation's depositional environment has been variously considered as lacustrine, estuarine, coastal marine or marine, though evidence from the fossil assemblage, stratigraphic and sedimentological setting, and geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks and bones suggests an estuarine interpretation is most fitting.[1]

Fossil content

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Vertebrates

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Acanthodians

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Acanthodians
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Diplacanthus D. ellsi [1] A diplacanthiform.
D. horridus [1] A diplacanthiform.
Homalacanthus H. concinnus [1]
Triazeugacanthus T. affinis Miguasha, Quebec.[1][7] Thousands of specimens representing multiple ontogenetic stages.[7]

Actinopterygians

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Actinopterygians
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Cheirolepis C. canadensis [1]
File:Cheirolepis canadensis.jpg

Jawless fish

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Jawless fish
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Endeiolepis E. aneri [1]
Escuminaspis E. laticeps [1]
Euphanerops E. longaevus Miguasha.[1][8] Over 3,500 specimens.[8] A euphaneropid.
Levesquaspis L. patteni [1]

Placoderms

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Placoderms
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Bothriolepis B. canadensis [1] An antiarch.
File:Bothriolepis canadensis (2024).png
Plourdosteus P. canadensis [1] An arthrodire.
File:Plourdosteus speciesDB15 2.jpg

Sarcopterygians

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Sarcopterygians
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Callistiopterus C. clappi [1]
Elpistostege E. watsoni [1] A stegocephalian.
File:Elpistostege watsoni.jpg
Eusthenopteron E. foordi [1] A tristichopterid.
File:Eusthenopteron BW.jpg
Fleurantia F. denticulata [1] A lungfish.
Holoptychiidae Holoptychiidae nov. sp. [1] A porolepiform.
Holoptychius H. jarviki [1] A porolepiform.
Miguashaia M. bureaui Miguasha, Quebec.[1][9] A coelacanth.
File:Miguashaia DB112.jpg
Quebecius Q. quebecensis [1] A porolepiform.
Scaumenacia S. curta [1] A lungfish.
File:Scaumenacia curta & Bothriolepis canadensis.JPG

Invertebrates

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Arthropods

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Arthropods
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Asmusia A. membranacea [1] A clam shrimp.
Pterygotus P. sp. [10] An eurypterid.
File:20201227 Pterygotus anglicus.png
Petaloscorpio P. bureaui [1] A scorpion.
Zanclodesmus Z. willetti [1][11] A millipede.

Ctenophores

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Ctenophores
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Daihuoides D. jakobvintheri Miguasha, Quebec.[12] MHNM 24–01.[12]

Plants

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Plants
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Archaeopteris A. halliana [1]
Barynophyton [1]
Flabellofolium [1]
Protobarynophyton [1]
Spermasporites [1]

See also

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References

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