Entobia

Entobia; Temporal range: Devonian–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	File:Entobia Modern.jpg
	Modern Entobia borings in a bivalve shell
Trace fossil classification
Ichnofamily:	†Entobiaidae
Ichnogenus:	†Entobia; Bronn, 1838
Type ichnospecies
	Entobia cretacea; Portlock, 1843
Ichnospecies
	List E. cretacea Portlock, 1843 ; E. michelini (Nardo, 1845) ; E. glomerata (Michelin, 1846) ; E. nardina (Michelin, 1846) ; E. duvernoyi (Michelin, 1847) ; E. irregularis (d’Orbigny, 1850) ; E. ramosa (d’Orbigny, 1850) ; E. parisiensis (d’Orbigny, 1850) ; E. dissociata (Duchassaing, 1850) ; E. duvernoysii (Duchassaing, 1850) ; E. pectita (Michelotti, 1861) ; E. strombi (Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1864) ; E. megastoma (Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) ; E. falunica (Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) ; E. cerithii (Fraas, 1867) ; E. paradoxa (Fischer, 1868) ; E. praecursor (Fischer, 1868) ; E. cerithiorum (Fischer, 1868) ; E. tubulosa (Seguenza, 1879) ; E. perforata (Seguenza, 1882) ; E. intricata (Seguenza, 1882) ; E. catenata (Frič, 1883) ; E. exogyrarum (Frič, 1883) ; E. mammillata (Chapman, 1907) ; E. peregrinator (Chapman, 1907) ; E. bullini (Annandale, 1920) ; E. devonica (Clarke, 1921) ; E. radiciformis (Lehner, 1937) ; E. microtuberum (Stephenson, 1941) ; E. retiformis (Stephenson, 1952) ; E. cateniformis Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. geometrica Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. laquea Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. ovula Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. volzi Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. depressa Ghare, 1985 ; E. dendritica Pleydell & Jones, 1988 ; E. gigantea Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 ; E. magna Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 ; E. parva Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 ; E. astrologica Mikuláš, 1992 ; E. solaris Mikuláš, 1992 ; E. goniodes Bromley & Asgaard, 1993 ; E. cervicornis Fürsich et al., 1994 ; E. convoluta Edinger & Risk, 1994 ; E. micra Wisshak, 2008 ; E. nana Wisshak, 2008 ; E. cracoviensis Bromley & Uchman in Bromley et al., 2009 ; E. resinensis Santos et al., 2011 ; E. colaria Wisshak et al., 2017 ; E. morrisi Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 ; E. tuberculata Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 ;
Synonyms
	Clionites Morris in Mantell, 1850; Topsentia Clarke, 1921 (junior homonym); Topsentopsis de Laubenfels in Moore, 1955; Uniglobites Pleydell & Jones, 1988;

File:Pelecyora gigas Natural History Museum University of Pisa I-18381.jpg

Entobia borings on the fossil shell of the bivalve "Pelecyora gigas" (Lamarck, 1818), Pliocene of Tuscany, Italy, (Natural History Museum University of Pisa)

File:Entobia gallery 041316.jpg

Entobia in a bivalve shell, Florida.

Entobia is a trace fossil in a hard substrate (typically a shell, rock or hardground made of calcium carbonate) formed by sponges as a branching network of galleries, often with regular enlargements termed chambers. Apertural canals connect the outer surface of the substrate to the chambers and galleries so the sponge can channel water through its tissues for filter feeding.^[2] The fossil ranges from the Devonian to the Recent.^[3]^[4]

References

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External links

Image of Entobia cretacea as a cast showing canals and chambers in three dimensions

File:Entobia Prairie Bluff Chalk Formation Cretaceous.JPG

Entobia from the Prairie Bluff Chalk Formation (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous) of Starkville, Mississippi. Preserved as a cast of the excavations.

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Entobia Temporal range: Devonian–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
File:Entobia Modern.jpg
Modern Entobia borings in a bivalve shell
Trace fossil classification
Ichnofamily:	†Entobiaidae
Ichnogenus:	†Entobia Bronn, 1838
Type ichnospecies
Entobia cretacea Portlock, 1843
Ichnospecies^[1]
List E. cretacea Portlock, 1843 E. michelini (Nardo, 1845) E. glomerata (Michelin, 1846) E. nardina (Michelin, 1846) E. duvernoyi (Michelin, 1847) E. irregularis (d’Orbigny, 1850) E. ramosa (d’Orbigny, 1850) E. parisiensis (d’Orbigny, 1850) E. dissociata (Duchassaing, 1850) E. duvernoysii (Duchassaing, 1850) E. pectita (Michelotti, 1861) E. strombi (Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1864) E. megastoma (Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) E. falunica (Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) E. cerithii (Fraas, 1867) E. paradoxa (Fischer, 1868) E. praecursor (Fischer, 1868) E. cerithiorum (Fischer, 1868) E. tubulosa (Seguenza, 1879) E. perforata (Seguenza, 1882) E. intricata (Seguenza, 1882) E. catenata (Frič, 1883) E. exogyrarum (Frič, 1883) E. mammillata (Chapman, 1907) E. peregrinator (Chapman, 1907) E. bullini (Annandale, 1920) E. devonica (Clarke, 1921) E. radiciformis (Lehner, 1937) E. microtuberum (Stephenson, 1941) E. retiformis (Stephenson, 1952) E. cateniformis Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. geometrica Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. laquea Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. ovula Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. volzi Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. depressa Ghare, 1985 E. dendritica Pleydell & Jones, 1988 E. gigantea Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. magna Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. parva Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. astrologica Mikuláš, 1992 E. solaris Mikuláš, 1992 E. goniodes Bromley & Asgaard, 1993 E. cervicornis Fürsich et al., 1994 E. convoluta Edinger & Risk, 1994 E. micra Wisshak, 2008 E. nana Wisshak, 2008 E. cracoviensis Bromley & Uchman in Bromley et al., 2009 E. resinensis Santos et al., 2011 E. colaria Wisshak et al., 2017 E. morrisi Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 E. tuberculata Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019
Synonyms^[1]
Clionites Morris in Mantell, 1850 Topsentia Clarke, 1921 (junior homonym) Topsentopsis de Laubenfels in Moore, 1955 Uniglobites Pleydell & Jones, 1988

Entobia

References

External links

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