Elanus
| Elanus | |
|---|---|
| File:Black-shouldered Kite Sandy Hollow.jpg | |
| Black-shouldered kite (Elanus axillaris) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Accipitriformes |
| Family: | Accipitridae |
| Subfamily: | Elaninae |
| Genus: | Elanus Savigny, 1809 |
| Type species | |
| Elanus caesius[1] = Falco caeruleus Desfontaines 1789
| |
Elanus is a genus of birds of prey in the elanine kite subfamily of the family Accipitridae. The four species in the genus are widely distributed.
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The genus Elanus was introduced in 1809 by the French zoologist Jules-César Savigny to accommodate a single species, Falco caeruleus, the black-winged kite, that had been described in 1789 by René Louiche Desfontaines. This is now the type species of the genus by monotypy.[2][3] The name is from the Ancient Greek elanos for a "kite".[4]
Description
[edit | edit source]These are white and grey raptors of open country, with black wing markings and a short square tail. They hunt by slowly quartering over mainly savanna habitat for rodents and other small mammals, birds and insects, sometimes hovering like a kestrel. The primaries and secondaries have soft barbules from the upper surface that help in owl-like silent flight. The genus Elanus is distinctive in having very small scales covering the foot and on the underside, scutellate scales are found only under the terminal phalanges. The claw lacks a groove on the underside. They also have eyesight suited for crepuscular rodent hunting.[5][6] The genus contains four species, all of which hunt small mammals, especially rodents, by hovering in the air while looking for them in over open savanna habitats.[7] For some time, these species were all included as subspecies of Elanus caeruleus, which has been known as the black-shouldered kite.[8][9][10]
The letter-winged kite breeds colonially and is nocturnal. The other species are both diurnal and crepuscular.[6][11]
| Image | Common name | Scientific name[a] | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:2011-black-winged-kite.jpg | Black-winged kite | Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines, 1789) |
File:ElanusCaeruleusIUCNver2019-3.png |
| File:Black-shouldered Kite Sandy Hollow.jpg | Black-shouldered kite | Elanus axillaris (Latham, 1801) |
File:Elanus axillaris distribution.svg |
| File:Elanus leucurus -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg | White-tailed kite | Elanus leucurus (Vieillot, 1818) |
File:Elanus leucurus range.svg |
| File:Letter-winged Kite (Elanus scriptus)4.jpg | Letter-winged kite | Elanus scriptus Gould, 1842 |
File:Elanus scriptus range map.png |
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Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Elanus.
References
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Other sources
[edit | edit source]
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