ESCAPPM
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ESCAPPM or ESCHAAPPM is a mnemonic for the organisms with inducible beta-lactamase activity that is chromosomally mediated.[1]
- E: Enterobacter spp.
- S: Serratia spp.
- C: Citrobacter freundii
- H: Hafnia spp.
- A: Acinetobacter spp.
- A: Aeromonas spp.
- P: Proteus spp. (excluding P. mirabilis)
- P: Providencia spp.
- M: Morganella morganii
In vitro sensitivities are not applicable in vivo.
In general, treatment with cephalosporins results in induction of AmpC beta-lactamase.[2] Treatment with an aminoglycoside or carbapenem is usually indicated. Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. They have a structure that renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Examples of carbapenems include meropenem and imipenem.