Crinum
| Crinum | |
|---|---|
| File:CrinumAugustumKeyWest.JPG | |
| Crinum asiaticum | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Subtribe: | Crininae |
| Genus: | Crinum L.[1] |
| Type species | |
| Crinum americanum L.[2]
| |
| Species | |
|
About 180 species, see text. | |
Crinum is a genus of about 180 species of perennial plants that have large showy flowers on leafless stems, and develop from bulbs. They are found in seasonally moist areas, including marshes, swamps, depressions and along the sides of streams and lakes in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide.
Description
[edit | edit source]Vegetative characteristics
[edit | edit source]Crinum are bulbous perennial herbs[3][4] with tunicate bulbs[5] and basal, glabrous,[6] annual to perennial leaves.[3] These bulbs can be very large. A species which Chitendon and Synge list as Crinum crassipes (a synonym of Crinum variabile[7]) can have a bulb 0.9 m (2 ft 11 in) high and 25 cm (9.8 in) thick.,[8] exceeded only by Worsleya procera.
Generative characteristics
[edit | edit source]The bisexual,[5][3] sessile or pedicellate,[5][4] zygomorphic or actinomorphic flowers[4] are borne one umbellate or solitary inflorescences[3][4] with solid scapes.[4]
Cytology
[edit | edit source]Cytological studies have shown that 27 species of Crinum are diploid, having a typical chromosome count of 2n = 22. Abilio Fernandes found that the Orange River Crinum bulbispermum had a count of 2n = 66, and some desert Crinum macowanii 2n = 44. These polyploid species produce seeds that are often parthenogenetic triploid or diploids, lack vigour and seldom grow to mature plants.[9]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]It was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.[10][2] The lectotype Crinum americanum L. was designated in 1923.[2]
Species
[edit | edit source]As of July 2014[update], the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families lists 105 species of Crinum.[11] Amongst these are:
- Crinum americanum L. – southern swamplily, seven sisters
- Crinum asiaticum L. – poisonbulb
- Crinum bulbispermum (Burm.f.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick. – hardy swamplily
- Crinum latifolium L.
- Crinum macowanii Baker
- Crinum moorei Hook.f.
- Crinum pedunculatum R.Br., syn. C. asiaticum var. pedunculatum – swamplily, river lily or spider lily
- Crinum thaianum Schulze – onion plant
- Crinum viviparum (Lam.) R.Ansari & V.J.Nair – Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China
Formerly placed here
[edit | edit source]- Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmanns. (as C. africanum L.)
- Ammocharis heterostyla (Bullock) Milne-Redh. & Schweick. (as C. heterostylum Bullock)
- Cyrtanthus angustifolius (L.f.) Aiton (as C. angustifolius L.f.)
- Cyrtanthus elatus (Jacq.) Traub (as C. speciosum L.f.)
- Cyrtanthus obliquus (L.f.) Aiton (as C. obliquum L.f.)
- Hippeastrum argentinum (Pax) Hunz. (as C. argentinum Pax)
- Urceolina urceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Asch. & Graebn. (as C. urceolatum Ruiz & Pav.)[12]
Hybrids
[edit | edit source]- × Amarcrinum hybridised with Amaryllis
- C. × powellii[13] (garden hybrid between C. bulbispermum and C. moorei) - pale pink, fragrant, lily-like flowers produced in late summer
- C. × powellii 'Album'[14] (white flowered cultivar)
Etymology
[edit | edit source]The generic name Crinum comes from the Ancient Greek κρίνον (krinon), meaning lily, via the Latin crinum.[15]
Uses
[edit | edit source]Several species are used in aquariums and in aquascaping. These include Crinum calamistratum, Crinum malabaricum, Crinum natans, and Crinum thaianum.[16]
Gallery
[edit | edit source]-
Crinum moorei -
Crinum moorei at Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco -
Crinum ornatum, SW Burkina Faso
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Crinum species in Hyderabad, India
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Queen Emma lily (Crinum augustum or Crinum amabile var. augustum) in Hawaiʻi
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Crinum 'Ellen Bosanquet'
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See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b c Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-i). Crinum L. Tropicos. Retrieved January 27, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40016532
- ^ a b c d Crinum. (n.d.). VicFlora Flora of Victoria. Retrieved January 27, 2025, from https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/032b13e8-28e9-47de-b460-2efd1317b354
- ^ a b c d e Crinum in Flora of China @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=108369
- ^ a b c H.J. Hewson. Crinum, in (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Crinum [Date Accessed: 27 January 2025]
- ^ Western Australian Herbarium & Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. (n.d.-a). Crinum L. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora. Retrieved January 27, 2025, from https://florabase.dbca.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21237
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Linné, Carl von, & Salvius, Lars. (1753). Caroli Linnaei ... Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... (Vol. 1, p. 291). Impensis Laurentii Salvii. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358310
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Bibliography
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (online version)
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Pacific Bulb Society Crinum Page, includes links to photographs
- Crinums In East Texas: Notes From Marcelle Sheppard, includes links to photographs, cultural information, and hybridizing results
- Bulbsociety
- The Genus Crinum
- African Crinums
- Bulb Society
- Juniper Level Botanic Garden Crinum Photo Gallery
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