Conostichus
| Conostichus Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
Trace fossil classification 
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| Ichnogenus: | †Conostichus Lesquereux, 1876 |
| Type ichnospecies | |
| Conostichus omatus Lesquereux, 1876
| |
| Ichnospecies[2] | |
| |
Conostichus is an ichnogenus of cnidarian trace fossil.[3][4] They are nowadays considered to represent a burrow structure serving as a holdfast for an anemone-like organism.[1]
Description
[edit | edit source]Conostichus is a plug-shaped vertical trace fossil, with a diameter varying from half to double the height.[1] Transverse constrictions and longitudinal fluting may be present, while the burrow fills occasionally show concentric laminae. The apex bears a twelve-fold symmetry, with the apical disc varying from small in C. broadheadi to broad and flat in C. typicus.[5]
Preservation
[edit | edit source]The fossils display a wide variety of preservation modes, with well-preserved specimens being found alongside poorly preserved ones. The former are believed to be the result of rapid infilling with fine-grained carbonate particles, while the latter would have been passively filled with coarser carbonate sediments.[6]
Classification
[edit | edit source]Before being identified as a trace fossil, Conostichus was variously interpreted as a calcareous algae, or as a body fossil that decayed after being covered in sediment, and was later filled by another type of sediment.[7] Branson (1961) classified Conostichus as part of Scyphomedusae, interpreting the fossils as representing a basal disk and lappets corresponding to the strobilation stage of modern scyphozoans.[3] This hypothesis was later criticized, as it could not explain why the successive cones observed in Conostichus fossils did not share the same center and size, and were separated by layers of clay.[8]
They are now believed to be trace fossils made by relatives of Actiniaria, possibly close to the Halcampoididae.[1]
See also
[edit | edit source]- Conichnus, a similar trace fossil
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c d Patel, Shitole & Joseph 2018, p. 45.
- ^ Pemberton, Frey & Bromley 1988, p. 872.
- ^ a b Branson 1961, p. 134.
- ^ Patel, Shitole & Joseph 2018, p. 42.
- ^ Patel, Shitole & Joseph 2018, p. 42–43.
- ^ Thomka, Bantel & Tomin 2016, p. 802.
- ^ Pfefferkorn 1971, p. 889.
- ^ Pfefferkorn 1971, p. 889–890.
Bibliography
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External links
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