Condyloid process

Condyloid process
File:Condyloid process - lateral view.png Position of condyloid process (shown in red).
File:Condyloid process - close-up - superior view2.png Mandible. Condyloid processes are shown in red.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	processus condylaris mandibulae
TA98
TH	{{#property:P1694}}
TE	{{#property:P1693}}
FMA	{{#property:P1402}}
Anatomical terms of bone

The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human and other mammalian species' mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle. It is thicker than the coronoid process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck.

Condyle

The most superior part of the mandible, the condyle presents an articular surface for articulation with the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; it is convex from before backward and from side to side, and extends further on the posterior than on the anterior surface.

Its long axis is directed medialward and slightly backward, and if prolonged to the middle line will meet that of the opposite condyle near the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.

At the lateral extremity of the condyle is a small tubercle for the attachment of the temporomandibular ligament.

The articular surface of the condyle is covered by fibrous tissue, and interfaces with an articular disk (or meniscus) of avascular, non-innervated fibrous tissue (collagen, fibroblasts). When the mouth is closed the meniscus is bordered medially and superiorly by the glenoid fossa of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. When the mouth is opened maximally, the meniscus is distracted anteriorly and inferiorly along the slope of the inferior portion of the temporal bone towards the tubercle, or articular eminence, in order to remain interposed between the condyle and the temporal bone in all jaw positions.

Neck

The neck of the process rises from the posterior of the ramus mandibulae. It is flattened from before backward, and strengthened by ridges which descend from the forepart and sides of the condyle.

Its posterior surface is convex; its anterior surface has a depression for the attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Fractures

Since the articular disk prevents the mandible from moving posteriorly, the condylar neck is often subject to fracturing when the jaw suffers a blow.

Additional images

• Position of condyloid process (shown in red)
  Position of condyloid process (shown in red)
• Mandible. Position of condyloid process is shown in red.
  Mandible. Position of condyloid process is shown in red.
• Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. (Condyle and neck labeled at upper right.)
  Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. (Condyle and neck labeled at upper right.)
• Inner surface of mandible. Condyloid process is at upper left.
  Inner surface of mandible. Condyloid process is at upper left.
• The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed.
  The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed.
• Horizontal section through left ear; upper half of section.
  Horizontal section through left ear; upper half of section.
• Frequency of mandibular fractures by location.
  Frequency of mandibular fractures by location.

References

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• lesson1 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
• Anatomy photo:22:os-1001 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Osteology of the Skull: Mandible of Intact Skull"
• Mandibular+condyle at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)