Comparison of Java virtual machines

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Version information

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Name Creator First public release Latest stable version Latest release date Cost, availability License
Eclipse OpenJ9 (formerly IBM J9) IBM 15 Mar 2018[1]  () Free Eclipse Public License 2.0
Apache License 2.0
GCJ GNU 6 September 1998 6.4 (Terminal) 4 July 2017 Free GPL version 2 or later, with the "libgcc exception"[2]
GraalVM Oracle May 2019  () Free GPL version 2 only
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 jdk-16 16 March 2021 Free GPL version 2 only
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 jdk 16 16 March 2021 Free Proprietary
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 ? ? Commercial Proprietary[3]
HotSpot, Zero port Gary Benson[4] ? ? ? Free GPL version 2 only
IKVM Jeroen Frijters 28 June 2004  () Free zlib License[5]
JAmiga Peter Werno, Joakim Nordström 19 May 2005[6] 1.2 6 January 2014 Free GPL version 2 or later
JamVM Robert Lougher 13 March 2003 2.0.0 30 July 2014 Free GPL version 2 or later
Jato VM Pekka Enberg and contributors[7] ? 0.3[8] 4 January 2012[8] Free GPL version 2 only[7]
JC virtual machine Archie L. Cobbs ? 1.4.7 13 November 2005 Free LGPL version 2.1 or later
Jikes RVM IBM 14 October 2001 3.1.4[9] 18 February 2016[9] Free Eclipse Public License version 1.0[10]
Kaffe Transvirtual Technologies 1996 1.1.9 22 February 2008 Free GPL version 2 or later[11]
Mysaifu JVM ? 16 April 2005[12] 0.4.8[12] 5 March 2010[12] Free GPL version 2 only[12]
SableVM Sable Research Group ? 1.13 30 March 2007[13] Free LGPL version 2.1 or later

Technical information

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JVM Status Latest supported Java version Supported class libraries Performance
GNU Classpath OpenJDK Other Interpretation AOT JIT
GCJ No longer maintained or distributed by GNU as of GCC 7[14] ? Yes No Yes Yes No
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Reference implementation. 1.8 No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Reference implementation. 1.8 No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition ? No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Zero port Interpreter-only port of OpenJDK using almost no assembly language and designed to be very portable. 1.7 No Yes Yes No No
IKVM 1.8[15] ? ? Depends on .NET runtime
JAmiga 1.4[16] Yes[17] No Yes[18] No No
JamVM 1.8[19] Yes[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] No Yes[20]
Jato VM 1.6[21] Yes[8] No[22] No[22] No[22] Yes[8]
JC virtual machine Translates Java to C and compiles it with a C compiler. 1.4[23] Yes[24] No Yes[25] Yes[25] Yes[25]
Jikes RVM 1.6[26] Yes[27] Port[28][29] Apache Harmony[27] No[30] ? Yes
Kaffe 1.4[11] Yes[11] No Yes[11] No[11] Yes[11]
Mysaifu JVM ? Yes[31] No Yes[32] No[32] No[32]
SableVM Unmaintained 1.4 Yes No Yes No No

Supported CPU architectures

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JVM x86 x86-64 SPARC MIPS Itanium Power ISA ARM Alpha S/390 z/Architecture m68k
GCJ Yes[33] Yes[33] Yes[33] Yes[33] Yes[33] Yes[33] Yes[33] Yes[33] Yes[33] No[33] No[33]
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Yes[34] Yes[34] Solaris only[34] Port[35][36] No[34] PowerPC/AIX port[37] Yes[34] No[34] No[34] No[34] No[34]
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Yes[34] Yes[34] Solaris only[34] No[34] Java 1.6[38] No[34] Yes[34] No[34] No[34] No[34] No[34]
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Yes[3] Yes[3] Yes[3] ? ? Yes[3] Yes[3] ? ? ? ?
HotSpot, Zero port Yes[39] Yes[39] No[39] Yes[39] Yes[39] Yes[39] Yes[39] Yes[39] No[39] Yes[39] No[39]
IKVM Depends on .NET runtime
JAmiga ? ? No No No Yes No No No No Yes
JamVM Yes[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] No[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] No[20] No[20] No[20] No[20]
Jato VM Yes[8] Under development[40] No No No Under development[40] Preliminary ARMv5 support[22] No No No No
JC virtual machine Yes No No No No No No No No No No
Jikes RVM Yes[41] No[41] No[41] No[41] No[41] Yes[41] No[41] No[41] No[41] No[41] No[41]
Kaffe Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] No[11] Yes[11]
Mysaifu JVM No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] Yes[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42]
SableVM Yes[43] Yes Yes[43] Yes Yes[43] Yes[43] Yes[43] Yes[43] Yes[43] No[43] Yes[43]

Supported operating systems

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JVM Windows Linux FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD Solaris OpenSolaris Darwin macOS AIX IRIX Other
GCJ Yes[33] Yes[33] Yes[33] ? ? Yes[33] ? Yes[33] Yes[33] ? Yes[33] DEC OSF 4.0f and 5.1, Hitachi SH-3/4 micro-controller[33]
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Yes[44] (distributed as source code) Yes Port[45] Port[45] Port[45] Yes Yes[46] ? Yes[47] Port[37] No OS/2port,[48] Haiku port[49]
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Yes[34] Yes[34] No No No Yes[34] ? ? Yes[34] No No
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Yes[3] Yes[3] No[3] No[3] No[3] Yes[3] ?[3] No[3] No[3] No[3] No[3]
HotSpot, Zero port No[39][50] Yes[39][50] No[39][50] No[39][50] No[39][50] No[39][50] No[39][50] No[39][50] No[39][50] No[39][50] No[39][50]
IKVM Depends on .NET runtime
JAmiga No No No No No No No No No No No AmigaOS
JamVM No[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] No[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] Yes[20] No[20] No[20] Jailbroken iPhone,[19] kFreeBSD
Jato VM No[40] Yes[40] No[40] No[40] No[40] No[40] No[40] Under development[40] ?[40] No[40] No[40]
JC virtual machine No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No
Jikes RVM No[41] Yes[41] No[41] No[41] No[41] No[41] No[41] No[41] Yes[41] Yes[41] No[41]
Kaffe Using Cygwin[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] ? Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[11] AmigaOS, BeOS, several others[11]
Mysaifu JVM No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] No[42] Windows Mobile
SableVM Using Cygwin[43] Yes[43] Yes[43] ? ? ? ? ? Yes[43] ? ?

References

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  1. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). [permanent dead link]
  8. ^ a b c d e Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  10. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ^ a b c d Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  17. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  18. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  19. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  21. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  22. ^ a b c d Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  23. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  24. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  25. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  26. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  27. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  28. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  29. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  30. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  31. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  32. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  35. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  36. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  37. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  38. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  44. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  45. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  46. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  47. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  48. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  49. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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