Cissus

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For other uses, see Cissus (disambiguation).

Cissus
File:Starr 071024-9714 Cissus nodosa.jpg
Cissus nodosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Vitales
Family: Vitaceae
Tribe: Cisseae
Genus: Cissus
L.[1]
Species[2]

279, see text

File:Cissus verticillata.jpg
Cissus verticillata
File:Cissus javana, jardín botánico de Tallinn, Estonia, 2012-08-13, DD 01.JPG
A Cissus discolor cultivar

Cissus is a genus of 279 species of lianas (woody vines) in the grape family (Vitaceae). Species are native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, tropical Asia, Papuasia, and Australia.[2]

Description

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Extrafloral nectaries on the stipule have been reported for C. microcarpa, C. psudosicyoids, and C. rhombifolia.[3]

Uses

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Medicinal

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Cissus quadrangularis has been evaluated for potential medical uses. As a source of carotenoids, triterpenoids and ascorbic acid, the extracts may have potential for medical effects, including "gastroprotective activity"[4] and benefits in terms of "lipid metabolism and oxidative stress".[5] Cissus quinquangularis was used by the Maasai people of Kenya to relieve some of the symptoms of malaria.[6]

Ornamental

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Cissus alata and Cissus incisa are cultivated as garden plants in some areas of the world. Succulent members of the genus such as Cissus quadrangularis are also found in the nursery trade but tend to be frost tender and are thus not widely cultivated.

Ecology

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Cissus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hypercompe eridanus and Hypercompe icasia. They are also consumed by chimpanzees.[7]

Taxonomy

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The generic name is derived from the Greek word κισσος (kissos), meaning "ivy".[8] In the 1980s the genus was split according to some details of the flower. The large caudiciform species were moved to the new genus Cyphostemma. In 2023 several Australasian and South American species were placed in the new genus Apocissus.[9]

The genus name was established by Carl Linnaeus who used species epithets that are adjectives with feminine grammatical gender in Latin (e.g., C. trifoliata L.). This matches the pattern that names of trees ending in -us in Latin have feminine gender, although other plant names ending in -us are usually masculine.[10]

Species

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Plants of the World Online currently includes:[2]

Formerly placed here

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References

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Wikispecies has information related to Cissus.

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