Cidaroida
| Cidaroida Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| File:Cidaris cidaris MHNT.jpg | |
| Cidaris cidaris | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Echinoidea |
| Subclass: | Perischoechinoidea |
| Order: | Cidaroida Claus, 1880 |
| Families | |
Cidaroida,[1] also known as pencil urchins,[2] is an order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic.
Description
[edit | edit source]Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the test, and the ambulacral plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.
Families
[edit | edit source]According to World Register of Marine Species:[1]
- family Anisocidaridae Vadet, 1999 †
- superfamily Cidaroidea Gray, 1825
- family Cidaridae Gray, 1825
- family Ctenocidaridae Mortensen, 1928a
- family Paurocidaridae Vadet, 1999a †
- family Diplocidaridae Gregory, 1900 †
- family Heterocidaridae Mortensen, 1934 †
- superfamily Histocidaroidea Lambert, 1900
- family Histocidaridae Lambert, 1900
- family Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936
- family Miocidaridae Durham & Melville, 1957 †
- family Polycidaridae Vadet, 1988 †
- family Rhabdocidaridae Lambert, 1900 †
- family Serpianotiaridae Hagdorn, 1995 †
- family Triadocidaridae Smith, 1994c †
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Notocidaris sp. (Ctenocidaridae)
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Miocidaris coaeva (Miocidaridae, fossil)
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Paracidaris florigemma (Polycidaridae, fossil)
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Cidaris blakei, abyssal Caribbean species
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Eucidaris tribuloides, shallow Caribbean species
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Phyllacanthus imperialis, shallow Indo-Pacific species
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Plococidaris verticillata, rare shallow Indo-Pacific species
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Prionocidaris baculosa, from Philippines -
Chondrocidaris gigantea, from Hawaii
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References
[edit | edit source]Citations
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- ^ 250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution
Sources
[edit | edit source]- World Register of Marine Species link: Cidaroida Claus, 1880 (+species list)
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