Chlorurus

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Chlorurus
Chlorurus strongylocephalus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Labridae
Tribe: Scarini
Genus: Chlorurus
Swainson, 1839
Type species
Scarus gibbus
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]

Chlorurus is a genus of parrotfish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans.[3][4]

Etymology

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The word 'Chlorurus' comes from the Greek words 'chloros', which means green and 'oura', which means tail.

Evolution

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C. enneacanthus with an initial phase Scarus scaber, in the Maldives

Chlorurus is most closely related to its sister genus Scarus. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian).[5] In both genera, most of their diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene.[6] In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene.[5]

A 2012 phylogenetic analysis of 16 of the 18 Chlorurus species recovered 5 major monophyletic clades.[5]

Species

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There are 18 species:[4]

Species Terminal phase Initial phase
Chlorurus atrilunula

(Randall & Bruce, 1983)

Chlorurus bleekeri

(de Beaufort, 1940)

Chlorurus bowersi

(Snyder, 1909)

Chlorurus capistratoides

(Bleeker, 1847)

Chlorurus cyanescens

(Valenciennes, 1840)

File:Chlorurus cyanescens, anchor Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique imported from iNaturalist photo 64075420.jpg
Chlorurus enneacanthus

(Lacépède, 1802)

File:Chlorurus enneacanthus, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives imported from iNaturalist photo 188457855 (cropped).jpg
Chlorurus frontalis

(Valenciennes, 1840)

File:Chlorurus frontalis, Cook Islands imported from iNaturalist photo 190588119 (cropped).jpg
Chlorurus genazonatus

(Randall & Bruce, 1983)

File:Chlorurus genazonatus imported from iNaturalist photo 282237771 on 4 March 2025 (cropped).jpg
Chlorurus gibbus

(Rüppell, 1829)

File:Chlorurus gibbus 581307654 (cropped 2).jpg File:Chlorurus gibbus, Marsa Alam, Red Sea Governorate, Egitto imported from iNaturalist photo 247243011 (cropped).jpg
Chlorurus japanensis

(Bloch, 1789)

File:Chlorurus japanensis, 深澳岬象鼻岩南側（東北角） imported from iNaturalist photo 129315315 (cropped).jpg
Chlorurus microrhinos

(Bleeker, 1854)

File:Corl0216 (27688336984) (cropped).jpg File:Steephead Parrotfish, Raroia, French Polynesia imported from iNaturalist photo 301718134 (cropped).jpg
Chlorurus oedema

(Snyder, 1909)

Chlorurus perspicillatus

(Steindachner, 1879)

File:Chlorurus perspicillatus 23969763 (cropped).jpg File:Chlorurus perspicillatus 23969376 (cropped).jpg
Chlorurus rhakoura

Randall & Anderson, 1997

File:Chlorurus rhakoura, Thailand imported from iNaturalist photo 254172488 (cropped).jpg
Chlorurus sordidus

(Forsskål, 1775)

File:Chlorurus sordidus, Anantara Kihavah-huravalhi, house reef, Baa Atoll, Maldives imported from iNaturalist photo 296761479.jpg
Chlorurus spilurus

(Valenciennes, 1840)

File:Pacific bullethead parrotfish (Chlorurus spilurus) (49252340073).jpg
Chlorurus strongylocephalus

(Bleeker, 1855)

File:Chlorurus strongylocephalus 296762599 (cropped).jpg File:Chlorurus strongylocephalus 420754124.jpg
Chlorurus troschelii

(Bleeker, 1853)

File:Greenhead Parrotfish, Bunaken Island (cropped).jpg File:Chlorurus troschelii 262636846 (cropped).jpg

References

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