Carditidae
| Carditidae | |
|---|---|
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| Shells of several Carditidae species | |
| Scientific classification Error creating thumbnail: | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Carditida |
| Superfamily: | Carditoidea |
| Family: | Carditidae Férussac, 1822 |
| Subfamilies | |
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See text | |
Carditidae is a family of marine bivalve clams of the order Carditida, which was long included in the Venerida. They are the type taxon of the superfamily Carditoidea.
Carditidae is a neglected and poorly classified family.[1][2] It has six subfamilies recognised by the World Register of Marine Species, but the WoRMS has refrained from assigning contents to any family due to ambiguity and overlap in their definitions.[3][2] Additionally, several genera have been or are still considered subgenera of other genera by some authors.
Genera
[edit | edit source]The genera of Carditidae recognised by the World Register of Marine Species as of April 2019[update] are:
- Akardita La Perna, Brunetti & Della Bella, 2018
- Arcturellina Chavan, 1951
- Bathycardita Iredale, 1924
- Beguina Röding, 1798
- Cardiocardita Anton, 1838
- Cardita Bruguière, 1792
- Carditamera
- Carditellopsis Iredale, 1936
- Cardites Link, 1807
- Centrocardita Sacco, 1899
- †Choniocardia Cossmann, 1904
- †Claibornicardia Stenzel & Krause, 1957
- Coripia de Gregorio, 1885
- Cuna Hedley, 1902
- Cuna aupouri Powell, 1937
- Cuna carditelloides Suter, 1911
- Cuna compressidens Powell, 1933
- Cuna gibbosa Powell, 1937
- Cuna laqueus Finlay, 1927
- Cuna manawatawhia Powell, 1937
- Cuna mayi Powell, 1930
- Cuna mendica Dell, 1952
- Cuna mayi Powell, 1930
- Cuna otagoensis Powell, 1927
- Cyclocardia
- Glans Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811
- Glyptoactis Stewart, 1930
- †Goosensia Cossmann, 1885
- Hamacuna Cotton, 1931
- Lazariella Sacco, 1899
- Megacardita Sacco, 1899
- Milneria Dall, 1881
- †Miodomeris Chavan, 1936
- Miodontiscus Dall, 1903
- †Paraglans Chavan, 1941
- Pleuromeris
- Powellina Huber, 2010
- Pteromeris
- Purpurocardia Maxwell, 1969
- Strophocardia Olsson, 1961
- Thecalia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857
- †Tutcheria Cox, 1946
- †Venericardia
- †Venericor Stewart, 1930
- Vimentum Iredale, 1925
Synonyms:
- Arcturella Chavan, 1941 is a junior synonym of Arcturellina. It is not to be confused with Arcturella Sars, 1879, which is a junior synonym of the isopod genus Astacilla.
- Azarella is a junior synonym of Beguina.
- Agaria, Cardiocardites [sic] and Divergidens are junior synonyms of Cardiocardita.
- Actinobolus Mörch, 1853 is a junior synonym of Cardites. It is not to be confused with the rhinoceros beetle genus Actinobolus Westwood, 1842.
- Ceropsis Dall, 1871 is a junior synonym of Milneria. It should not be confused with the true weevil genus Ceropsis.
- Miodon Carpenter, 1863 is a junior synonym of Miodontiscus. It should not be confused with Miodon Duméril, 1859, which is a junior synonym of the mole viper genus Polemon.
Notes:
- In some classifications, Bathycardita is a subgenus of Cardiocardita.[4]
- In some classifications, Centrocardita is a subgenus of Glans.[5]
- In some classifications, Claibornicardia is a subgenus of either Glyptoactis or Venericardia.[6]
- In some classifications, Vimentum is a subgenus of Cyclocardia.[7]
- In some classifications prior to the 2000s, Carditella was included in Carditidae,[8] but it has since been moved to Condylocardiidae,[9] along with its former junior synonym/subgenus (now independent genus) Carditellona.[10]
- Increasingly in several 2010s classifications, the subgenus Venericardia (†Baluchicardia) Rutsch and Schenck 1943[11] is considered an independent genus.[1][12][13]
Subfamilies
[edit | edit source]Chavan, 1969
[edit | edit source]The original six-subfamily system was first proposed by Chavan in 1969, contain the following genera (some of which are now synonyms or classified in other families):[1]
Carditamerinae Chavan, 1969
Carditesinae Chavan, 1969
Miodomeridinae Chavan, 1969
Venericardiinae Chavan, 1969
Perez, 2019
[edit | edit source]In 2019, D. E. Pérez proposed a seven-subfamily system for Carditidae.[1]
Carditamerinae
Carditinae
Miodomeridinae
Palaeocarditinae Chavan, 1969
Scalaricarditinae Pérez, 2019
Venericardiinae
* = not yet recognised by the World Register of Marine Species.
In addition, Pérez proposed possible affiliations for the genera not included in his subfamilies:[1]
- Carditidae: Carditomantea?
- Carditinae: Goosensia?
- Cyclocardida: Ainicardita, Crassicardia, Lunulicardita
- Eucarditidae: Pseudocardia? (some species)
- Miodomeridinae: Miodontiscus
- Scalaricarditinae: Malarossia, Akardita?, Choniocardia (could be Cyclocardida)
- Stem-Carditidae: Fenestricardita?, Trapezicardita?, Gujocardita? (could be Permophoridae), Septocardia? (could be Cardiidae)
- Stem-Eucarditidae or Stem-Carditida: Izumicardia
- Venericardiini: Cossmannella, Cretocardia, Lazariella
- Venericardiinae: Cycloglans, Strophocardia, Maghrebella?, Subvenericardia?
- Uncertain: Milneria, Xenocardita
In some classifications prior to the 2000s, Carditidae used to contain a seventh subfamily Carditellinae, until it was reallocated to Condylocardiidae.[8]
References
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- Powell A. W. B. (1979): New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (2008): Psamathini. Version of 2008-MAR-26. Retrieved 2009-FEB-23.
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