Cambay Shale Formation
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| Cambay Shale Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Early Eocene ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Shale |
| Other | Claystone Siltstone Sandstone |
| Location | |
| Region | Gujarat |
| Country | India |
Cambay Shale Formation (India) Cambay Shale Formation (Gujarat) | |
The Cambay Shale Formation is an Early Eocene-aged geologic formation in the Cambay Basin, India. It varies in thickness from a few meters on the margins of the basin to more than 2,500m in the depressions. It directly overlies the Olpad Formation and is, in turn, overlain by the Anklesvar Formation in the southern part of the basin and by Kalol Formation in the northern part of the basin. Further north, the Cambay Shale, in its lower part, is gradually replaced by tongues of paralic-deltaic Kadi Formation and finally by Tharad Formation.[1]
Paleobiota
[edit | edit source]Vertebrates
[edit | edit source]Mammals
[edit | edit source]Source:[2]
| Anthracobunians from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Cambaytherium | C. thewissi | A cambaytheriid. | ||||
| C. gracilis | ||||||
| C. bidens | ||||||
| Kalitherium | K. marinus | Another cambaytheriid. | ||||
| Indobune | I. vastanensis | A possible anthracobunid. | ||||
| Primates[3] from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Asiadapis | A. cambayensis | An Asiadapine. | ||||
| A. tapiensis | ||||||
| Marcgodinotius | M. indicus | Another Asiadapine. | ||||
| Vastanomys | V. gracilis | A omomyid. | ||||
| V. major | ||||||
| Hyaenodonts from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Indohyaenodon | I.raoi | A hyaenodont. | ||||
| Dichobunids from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Gujaratia | G. indica | A Diacodexeid. |  | |||
| G. pakistanensis | ||||||
| Tapiromorphs from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Cambaylophus[4] | C. vastanensis | A tapiromorph. | ||||
| Vastanolophus[5] | V. holbrooki | A tapiromorph. | ||||
| Cimolestans from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Suratilestes | S. gingerichi | A cimolestan. | ||||
| Anthraconyx | A. hypsomylus | A esthonychid | ||||
| Bats from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Archaeonycteris | A. storchi | A bat. | ||||
| Protonycteris | P. gunnelli | A bat. | ||||
| Cambaya | C. complexus | A bat. | ||||
| Hassianycteris | H. kumari | A bat. | ||||
| Icaronycteris | I. sigei | A bat. | ||||
| Jaegeria | J. cambayensis | A bat. | ||||
| Microchiropteryx | M. folieae | A bat. | ||||
| Other mammals from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Frugivastodon | F. cristatus | A apatemyid. | ||||
| Indolestes | I. kalamensis | An adapisoriculid. | ||||
| Indodelphis | I. luoi | A opossum. | ||||
| Meldimys[6] | M. musak | A rodent. | ||||
| Indonyctia[7] | I. cambayensis | A nyctitheriid. | ||||
| Pahelia | P. mysteriosa | A herbivorous mammal of uncertain affinities.[8] | ||||
Birds
[edit | edit source]| Birds from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Vastanavis | V.eocaena | A parrot. | ||||
Reptiles
[edit | edit source]| Lizards from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Indiagama | I. gujarata | A iguanian. | ||||
| Suratagama | S. neeraae | A iguanian. | ||||
| Tinosaurus | T. indicus | A iguanian. | ||||
| Vastanagama | V. susanae | A iguanian. | ||||
| Heterodontagama | H. borsukae | A priscagamid iguanian. | ||||
| Snakes from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Platyspondylophis | P. tadkeshwarensis | A Madtsoiid. | ||||
| Russellophis | R. crassus | A russelophiid. | ||||
| Procerophis | P. sahnii | A snake. | ||||
| Thaumastophis | T. missiaeni | A snake. | ||||
| Palaeophis | P. vastaniensis | A paleophiid snake. | ||||
Amphibians
[edit | edit source]| Amphibians from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Eobarbourula | E. delfinoi | A toad. | ||||
| Indorana | I.prasadi | A frog. | ||||
Ray-finned fish
[edit | edit source]| Ray-finned fish from the Cambay Shale formation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images | ||
| Avitoplectus | A. molaris | Lower jaw | A bizarre tetraodontiform.[9] | ||||
| Diodon | D. sp. | Teeth | A porcupinefish.[10] | ||||
| Egertonia | E. sp. | Teeth | A phyllodontid elopomorph.[10] | ||||
| ?Enchodus | ?E. sp. | Teeth | An enchodontid aulopiform. Among the latest known remains of this otherwise Cretaceous genus,[10] but may potentially represent reworked material from lower layers.[11] | ||||
| Eotrigonodon | E. indicus | Teeth | A pycnodont.[10] | ||||
| Eutrichiurides | E. sp. | Teeth | A cutlassfish.[10] | ||||
| Osteoglossidae indet. | Teeth, scales | A bonytongue.[10] | |||||
| Sphyraena | S. sp. | Teeth | A barracuda.[10] | ||||
| Stephanodus | S. lybicus | Teeth | A pycnodont.[10] | ||||
Arthropods
[edit | edit source]Crabs
[edit | edit source]| Crabs from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Philyra | P. karkata | A leucosiid crab. | ||||
Insects
[edit | edit source]| Beetles from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Protoclaviger[12] | P.trichodens | A Beetle. | ||||
| Cambaltica | C. paleoindica | A Flea Beetle. | ||||
| Paleosorius | P. cambayensis | A Rove Beetle. | ||||
| Hemipterans[13] from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Heteromargarodes | H. hukamsinghi | A sand pearl. | ||||
| H. americanus | ||||||
| Normarkicoccus | N. cambayae | A diaspidid scale insect. | ||||
| Neuropterans from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Spiloconis[14] | S. sexguttata | A Aleuropterygine Coniopterygid. | ||||
| S. glaesaria | ||||||
| S. oediloma | ||||||
| S. eominuta | ||||||
| Bees from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Melikertes[15] | M. (Paramelikertes) gujaratensis | A bee. | ||||
| M. (Melikertes) kamboja | ||||||
| Wasps from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Trichelyon | T. tadkeshwarense | A braconid wasp. | ||||
| Termites[16] from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Nanotermes | N. isaacae | A termitid termite. |  | |||
| Prostylotermes | P. kamboja | A Stylotermitid termite. | ||||
| Parastylotermes | P. krishnai | A Stylotermitid termite. | ||||
| Zophotermes | Z. ashoki | A Rhinotermitid termite | ||||
| Flies from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Sycorax[17] | S. longistyla | A moth fly. | ||||
| Phlebotoiella | P. eoindianensis | A moth fly of unceritian affinities. | ||||
| Dicranomyia | D. (Dicranomyia) indica | The oldest known Crane fly and tipulomorph.[18] | ||||
| Stempellina | S.pollex | A non-biting midge | ||||
| S.stebneri | ||||||
| Tanytarsus | T.forfex | A non-biting midge | ||||
| T.ramus | ||||||
| Camptopterohelea | C. odora | A non-biting midge | ||||
| Eohelea | E. indica | A biting midge | ||||
| Gedanohelea | G. gerdesorum | A biting midge | ||||
| Indorrhina | I.sahnii | A biting midge | ||||
| Lygistorrhina | L. indica | A biting midge | ||||
| Meunierohelea | M. borkenti | A biting midge | ||||
| Meunierohelea | M. cambayana | A biting midge | ||||
| Meunierohelea | M. orientalis | A biting midge | ||||
| Palaeognoriste | P. orientale | A biting midge | ||||
| Webspinners from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Kumarembia | K. hurleyi | One of the few fossil Webspinners known. | ||||
Arachnids
[edit | edit source]| Whip spiders from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Paracharonopsis[19] | P. cambayensis | A Paracharontid. | ||||
Plants
[edit | edit source]| Plants from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
| Pterospermoxylon | P. suratensis | An angiosperm. | ||||
| Anthocephalophyllum | A. vastanicum | An angiosperm. | ||||
| Ebenoxylon | E. cambayense | An angiosperm. | ||||
| Gardeniophyllum | G. cambayum | An angiosperm. | ||||
| Calophyllaceophyllum | C. eocenicum | An angiosperm. | ||||
| Carallioipollenites | C. integerrimoides | An angiosperm known from fossilised pollen. | ||||
| Gynocardia | G. eocenica | An angiosperm. | ||||
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
References
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