Bregma
| Bregma | |
|---|---|
| File:Kort-lang-skalle.gif | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | Anterior fontanelle |
| System | Skeletal system |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | bregma |
| TA98 | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 746: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| TH | {{#property:P1694}} |
| TE | {{#property:P1693}} |
| FMA | {{#property:P1402}} |
| Anatomical terminology [[[d:Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 865: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|edit on Wikidata]]] | |
The bregma is the anatomical point on the skull at which the coronal suture is intersected perpendicularly by the sagittal suture.
Structure
[edit | edit source]The bregma is located at the intersection of the coronal suture and the sagittal suture on the superior middle portion of the calvaria.[1] It is the point where the frontal bone and the two parietal bones meet.[1]
Development
[edit | edit source]The bregma is known as the anterior fontanelle during infancy. The anterior fontanelle is membranous and closes in the first 18-36 months of life.[2]
Clinical significance
[edit | edit source]Cleidocranial dysostosis
[edit | edit source]In the birth defect cleidocranial dysostosis, the anterior fontanelle never closes to form the bregma.
Surgical landmark
[edit | edit source]The bregma is often used as a reference point for stereotactic surgery of the brain.[3][4] It may be identified by blunt scraping of the surface of the skull and washing to make the meeting point of the sutures clearer.[3]
Neonatal examination
[edit | edit source]Examination of an infant includes palpating the anterior fontanelle.[5] It should be flat, soft, and less than 3.5 cm across.[5] A sunken fontanelle indicates dehydration, whereas a very tense or bulging anterior fontanelle indicates raised intracranial pressure.
Height assessment
[edit | edit source]Cranial height is defined as the distance between the bregma and the midpoint of the foramen magnum (the basion).[6] This is strongly linked to more general growth.[6] This can be used to assess the general health of a deceased person as part of an archaeological excavation, giving information on the health of a population.[6]
Etymology
[edit | edit source]The word "bregma" comes from the Ancient Greek βρέγμα (brégma), meaning the bone directly above the brain.[7]
References
[edit | edit source]
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
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- ^ Liddell & Scott, Greek-English Lexicon
Additional images
[edit | edit source]-
The bregma, human skull.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- lesson1 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
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