Bistorta
| Bistorta | |
|---|---|
| |
| Bistorta officinalis in Japan | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Subfamily: | Polygonoideae |
| Genus: | Bistorta (L.) Scop.[1] |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Bistorta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae. As of February 2019[update] about 40 species are accepted. It has been supported as a separate clade by molecular phylogenetic analysis.[2] Bistorta species are native throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere, as far south as Mexico in North America and Thailand in Asia.[1]
Description
[edit | edit source]Species of Bistorta are perennial herbaceous plants. Their roots are fibrous, forming rhizomes. They have erect, unbranched stems. Their leaves are usually longer than wide, mostly basal, but with some arranged alternately on the stems. The inflorescences are spikelike. The individual flowers have five white to purple-pink (rarely red) tepals. The flowers are bisexual, although the 5–8 stamens are sometimes poorly developed. There are three styles. The fruits are in the form of achenes, that are brown or dark brown, unwinged, and three-angled. The monoploid number of chromosomes, x, is 11 or 12.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]In 1753, Carl Linnaeus divided up his genus Polygonum into unranked groups, one of which was Bistorta. In 1754, Giovanni Antonio Scopoli elevated Bistorta to a genus.[4]
Bistorta is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae, tribe Persicarieae, along with the genera Koenigia and Persicaria. A 2015 molecular phylogenetic study suggested that the tribes in Polygonoideae were related as shown in the following cladogram.[5]
| Polygonoideae |
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Within the tribe Persicarieae, Bistorta is most closely related to Koenigia:[5]
| Persicarieae |
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Species
[edit | edit source]As of November 2025[update], Plants of the World Online accepted the following 44 species and one natural hybrid.[1]
- Bistorta griersonii Yonek., Iketsu & H.Ohashi
- (Turcz. ex Kom.) Nakai Yonek. & H.Ohashi
- Bistorta griffithii (Hook.f.) Grierson
- Bistorta hayachinensis Bistorta amplexicaulis
- (Makino) H.Gross Bistorta honanensis
- (H.W.Kung) Yonek. & H.Ohashi Bistorta incana
- (D.Don) Greene (Nakai) T.Mori
- Bistorta jaljalensis H.Ohba & S.Akiyama
- Bistorta krascheninnikovii Bistorta arunachalensis
- N.A.Ivanova Bistorta longispicata
- Yonek. & H.Ohashi Bistorta affinis
- M.Das & S.S.Dash Yonek. & H.Ohashi
- Bistorta macrophylla (D.Don) Soják
- Bistorta manshuriensis Bistorta attenuata
- (Petrov ex Kom.) Kom. Bistorta milletii
- H.Lév. Bistorta milletioides
- Kom. H.Ohba & S.Akiyama
- Bistorta ochotensis Kom.
- Bistorta officinalis Bistorta attenuatifolia
- Delarbre Bistorta perpusilla
- (Hook.f.) Greene Bistorta abukumensis
- (D.Don) Greene Miyam. & H.Ohba
- (Small) Greene Bistorta purpureonervosa
- (A.J.Li) Yonek. & H.Ohashi Bistorta bistortoides
- (Brügger) Dostál Bistorta rubra
- Yonek. & H.Ohashi (Pursh) Small
- H.Ohba & S.Akiyama Bistorta sinomontana
- (Sam.) Miyam. Bistorta burmanica
- (Diels) Petrov Bistorta suffulta
- Bistorta albiflora Yonek. & H.Ohashi
- (Bisset & S.Moore) Nakai Bistorta tenuifolia
- (H.W.Kung) Miyam. & H.Ohba Bistorta carnea
- Miyam. & H.Ohba Bistorta vacciniifolia
- (Wall. ex Meisn.) Greene (K.Koch) Kom.
- (L.) Delarbre Bistorta yunnanensis
- H.Gross Bistorta coriacea
- Miyam. & H.Ohba (Sam.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi
- Bistorta diopetes H.Ohba & S.Akiyama
- Bistorta elliptica Bistorta vivipara
- Bistorta alopecuroides (Willd. ex Spreng.) V.V.Petrovsky, D.F.Murray & Elven
- Bistorta tubistipulis Bistorta tenuicaulis
- (Maxim.) Greene ex H.Gross Bistorta emodi
- Bistorta subscaposa Bistorta sherei
- Bistorta × rhaetica (Meisn.) H.Hara
- Bistorta plumosa Bistorta ludlowii
References
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