Biomphalaria pfeifferi
| Biomphalaria pfeifferi | |
|---|---|
| File:Biomphalaria pfeifferi shell.png | |
| Drawing of apical, apertural and umbilical view of the shell of Biomphalaria pfeifferi. | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Superorder: | Hygrophila |
| Family: | Planorbidae |
| Genus: | Biomphalaria |
| Species: | B. pfeifferi
|
| Binomial name | |
| Biomphalaria pfeifferi | |
Biomphalaria pfeifferi is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic animal pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.
This snail is a medically important pest,[2] because of transferring the disease schistosomiasis.[3]
Distribution
[edit | edit source]Biomphalaria pfeifferi is an African species. It has recently expanded its native range to the Arabian Peninsula and Madagascar.[2]
Distribution of Biomphalaria pfeifferi include:
- Western Africa: Senegal[4]
- Eastern Africa: Kenya[3]
- Southern Africa: Botswana[5] and South Africa.[1]
The type locality is in Umgeni Valley, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa[1] (in the times of the description it was the British Colony of Natal).
Phylogeny
[edit | edit source]A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of species in the genus Biomphalaria:[6]
| Biomphalaria |
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Mating system
[edit | edit source]B. pfeifferi is hermaphroditic, and genetic analyses performed both at the family and population levels indicate high self-fertilization rates.[7] However, B. pfeifferi exhibits only a low level of inbreeding depression.[7]
Ecology
[edit | edit source]Biomphalaria pfeifferi can survive up to 16 hours in anaerobic water using lactic acid fermentation.[8]
In Kenya, B. pfeifferi is positively associated with the common blue water-lily Nymphaea caerulea (the two species occur together).[3]
Parasites
[edit | edit source]Parasites of Biomphalaria pfeifferi include the following 11 species found in Tanzania:[9]
- Schistosoma mansoni[9][10]
- undescribed clinostomatid[9]
- two species undescribed strigea[9]
- Cercaria porteri[9]
- Cercaria blukwa[9]
- two species of undescribed echinostome[9]
- Cercaria lileta[9]
- Cercaria obscurior[9]
- Cercaria bulla[9]
Control
[edit | edit source]In Kenya, releasing the edible American crayfish Procambarus clarkii as an introduced species has helped eliminate the mollusc, which it feeds on, as well as provided a new source of food and income,[3][11] but may also be impacting the environment by reducing the amount of native aquatic plants.[12]
The seeds of the tree Balanites aegyptiaca have a molluscicide effect on Biomphalaria pfeifferi.[13]
| Substance | Route | LC50 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Powder of crude kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca | immersion(?) | 60 ppm | [13] |
| Acetone extract of powder of the kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca | immersion(?) | 172,40 ppm | [13] |
| Ethanol extract of the powder of kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca | immersion(?) | 84,15 ppm | [13] |
Ethanolic extract of the fruits of Dalbergia sissoo (family Leguminosae) exhibited molluscicidal effect against eggs of Biomphalaria pfeifferi.[14]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c (in German and Latin) Krauss F. (1848). Die Sudafrikanischen Mollusken. Ebnert & Seubert, Stuttgart, 140 pp, 6 plates. page 83, plate 5, figure 7.
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- ^ (in French) Sarr A., Kinzelbach R. & Diouf M. (2011, in press). "Diversité spécifique et écologie des mollusques continenatux de la basse vallée du Ferlo (Sénégal). [Specific diversity and ecology of continental molluscs from the Lower Ferlo Valley (Senegal)]". MalaCo 7: 8 pp. PDF Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine.
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- ^ a b Kengne-Fokam AC, Nana-Djeunga HC, Djuikwo-Teukeng FF, Njiokou F. Analysis of mating system, fecundity, hatching and survival rates in two Schistosoma mansoni intermediate hosts (Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Biomphalaria camerunensis) in Cameroon. Parasit Vectors. 2016 Jan 6;9:10. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-1285-4. PMID 26739376; PMCID: PMC4702333
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). PDF
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- ^ a b c d Hamidou T. H., Kabore H., Ouattara O., Ouédraogo S., Guissou I. P. & Sawadogo L. (2002) "Efficacy of Balanites aegyptiaca(L.) DEL Balanitaceae as Anthelminthic and Molluscicid Used by Traditional Healers in Burkina Faso". International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002. page 37. PDF
- ^ Adenusi A. A. & Odaibo A. B. (2009). "Effects of varying concentrations of the crude aqueous and ethanolic". African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative medicines 6(2). abstract, PDF.
Further reading
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- Wright C. A. (1963). "The freshwater gastropod mollusca of Angola". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 10(8): 447–528. 16 plates. page 455.
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