Ashley Formation

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Ashley Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lower Oligocene (Rupelian)
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsGettysville Member, Runnymeade Marl Member and Givhans Ferry Member.[1]
Location
RegionSouth Carolina
CountryUnited States

The Ashley Formation is a geologic formation in South Carolina. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

Vertebrate fauna

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Mammals

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Carnivorans
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Phocidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Proximal portion of a right femur (ChM PV5713).[2] "A taxon closely comparable to the most specialized phocid, the modern genus Cystophora".
Cetaceans
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Agorophius A. pygmaeus Underwater cliff face from the base of the formation.[3] A skull.[3]
Albertocetus A. meffordorum Givhans Ferry Member and Runnymede Marl Member.[4] A partial skeleton and an isolated braincase.[4] A xenorophid.
Ankylorhiza A. tiedemani AMNH 10445 (partial rostrum) and CCNHM 220 (partial skull and associated vertebrae).[5] An odontocete.
File:Ankylorhiza tiedemani life reconstruction by PaleoGeek.png
Ashleycetus A. planicapitis Near Charleston, South Carolina.[6] A partial skull.[6]
Coronodon C. havensteini "Wando River near Highway 41 Bridge, Berkeley County, South Carolina".[7] A basal mysticete.
File:Coronodon anterolateral at Mace Brown Museum of Natural History.jpg
Ediscetus E. osbornei "Slightly outside the odontocete crown group".[8]
Micromysticetus M. rothauseni 2 braincases without rostra.[9]
Saurocetus S. gibbesi [10] A cheek tooth (MCZ 8760).[11]
Xenorophus X. sloanii Incomplete skull.[12] A xenorophid.
Sirenians
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crenatosiren C. olseni [13] A dugongid also found in the Chandler Bridge and Parachucla formations.
Stegosiren S. macei [14] A dugongid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
File:Stegosiren skeleton.jpg

Reptiles

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Crocodilians
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Gavialosuchus G. carolinensis Dorchester County, South Carolina.[15] ChM PV 4282 (mandible).[15] Now moved to the genus Thecachampsa.
Thecachampsa T. carolinensis Dorchester County, South Carolina.[15] ChM PV 4282 (mandible).[15] A gavialoid.
File:Thecachampsa carolinensis.jpg
Turtles
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ashleychelys A. palmeri East bank of Limehouse Branch, Berkeley County, South Carolina.[16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Carolinochelys C. wilsoni MCZ 1005-A (a nearly complete skull) and ChM PV8309.[16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
File:Carolinachelys wilsoni skull and shell.jpg
Natemys N. sp. 1 Givhan's Ferry Member.[17] CCNHM 4288 (a non-ridged carapacial ossicle).[17] A dermochelyid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
N. sp. 2 ?Givhan's Ferry Member and ?Runnymede Marl Member.[17] CCNHM 4287.1 and 4287.2 (a pair of associated non-ridged carapacial ossicles) and CCNHM

4910 (a non-ridged ossicle).[17]

A dermochelyid.
Procolpochelys P. charlestonensis A humerus (MCZ 1005-B).[16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
File:Procolpochelys charlestonensis skull and shell.jpg
cf. Psephophorus cf. P. sp. Givhan's Ferry Member.[17] CCNHM 5460 (an isolated non-ridged carapacial ossicle).[17] A dermochelyid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
File:Psephophorus sp. LACM.jpg

Fish

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Cartilaginous fish

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Rays
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Dasyatis "D." sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A stingray.
File:Common stingray tynemouth.jpg
Mobula "M." sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A devil ray.
File:Mobula breaching.jpg
Plinthicus P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A tooth (SC2007.36.48).[1]
Raja R. mccollumi Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Abundant teeth.[1] A skate also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
"R." sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A skate, appears to be conspecific with R. sp. from the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Rhinoptera "R." sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A broken symphyseal tooth (SC2015.29.30).[1] A cownose ray.
File:Rhinoptera steindachneri.jpg
Rhynchobatus R. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth (SC2007.36.39, SC2015.29.13, SC2015.29.32).[1] A wedgefish.
File:Rhynchobatus djiddensis durban.jpg
Taeniurops "T." cavernosus Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A stingray.
Sharks
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Araloselachus A. sp. May be derived from the Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1]
Carcharhinus C. gibbesi Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A large number of teeth.[1] The most common shark in the Ashley Formation sample.
File:Carcharhinus gibbesi - Chandler Bridge Formation - USA.jpg
Galeocerdo G. aduncus Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A ground shark.
File:Galeocerdo aduncus 323.jpg
Ginglymostomatidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A partial tooth (SC2007.36.208).[1] A nurse shark.
Hemipristis H. cf. H. serra Givhans Ferry Member.[1] 4 teeth (SC2007.36.7, SC2007.36.8, SC2007.36.9).[1] A weasel shark.
File:Hemipristis serra teeth.jpg
Otodus O. angustidens Ashley River, in the Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Ablated specimens.[1] A megatoothed shark.
File:4-25 Angustidens.jpg
Pachyscyllium P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A tooth (SC2007.36.5).[1] A catshark.
Physogaleus P. cf. P. contortus Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2007.36.19, SC2007.36.20 (four teeth), SC2015.29.27.[1] A ground shark.
P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2007.36.21 and SC2007.36.22.[1] A ground shark.
Pristiophorus P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] An incomplete tooth crown (SC2015.29.20).[1] A sawshark.
File:Pristiophorus delicatus csiro-nfc.jpg
Scyliorhinus S. weemsi Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A catshark.
Sphyrnidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2007.36.23, SC2007.36.24, SC2007.36.25 (11 teeth), SC2007.36.26, SC2007.36.27, SC2007.36.28 (five teeth).[1] A hammerhead shark.
Squalus S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A spurdog.
File:Squalus acanthias2.jpg
Squatina S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth (SC2007.36.4, SC2007.36.126, SC2007.36.149, SC2007.36.227, SC2015.29.18, SC2015.29.19, SC2015.33.2).[1] An angelshark.
File:Squatina dumeril nefsc.jpg
Trigonotodus T. alteri Teeth.[1] A thresher shark.
File:Trigonotodus alteri lateral tooth (Oligocene, Chandler Bridge FM, SC).jpg

Bony fish

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Bony fish
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Albula A. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2007.36.165, SC2007.36.228 (five teeth), SC2015.29.200 (66 teeth), SC2015.29.201, SC2015.29.204.[1] A bonefish.
File:Bonefish Albula vulpes.jpg
Archosargus A. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A sea bream.
File:Sheepshead.jpg
?Calamus ?C. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A sea bream.
File:Calamus bajonado.jpg
Diplodus D. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2015.29.195 (13 teeth), SC2015.29.222, SC2015.29.223, SC2015.29.224.[1] A sea bream.
File:Sargo real (Diplodus cervinus), franja marina Teno-Rasca, Tenerife, España, 2022-01-09, DD 49.jpg
?Labridae Gen. et. sp. indet. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A wrasse.
Osteoglossidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1]
Palaeocybium P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A tooth (SC2007.36.122), a neurocranium and a left dentary.[1] A scombrid.
Paralichthyidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A tooth (SC2015.36.259).[1] A flatfish.
?Pogonias ?P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A croaker.
File:Pogonias cromis (S0897) (12639311174).jpg
Scomberomorus S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A scombrid.
File:Scomberomorus cavalla.png
?Sciaenops ?S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Many teeth.[1] A croaker.
File:Sciaenops ocellatus (S0230) (12527956414).jpg
Sphyraena S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Many cheek and laniary teeth.[1] A barracuda.
File:Barracuda with prey.jpg
Trichiurides T. cf. T. sagittidens Givhans Ferry Member.[1] 2 ablated laniary teeth.[1] A cutlassfish.

See also

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References

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  10. ^ L. Agassiz. 1848. [on the species Saurocetus gibbesii]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4:4-5
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Further reading

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  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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