Apis mellifera intermissa
| Apis mellifera intermissa | |
|---|---|
| File:Tellien Queen.jpg | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Genus: | Apis |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | A. m. intermissa
|
| Trinomial name | |
| Apis mellifera intermissa (Buttel-Reepen, 1906)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Apis mellifera major | |
Apis mellifera intermissa is an African subspecies of the western honey bee.
Description
[edit | edit source]Previously classified as A. m.intermissa v. Buttel-Reepen[2][3][4] a reviewed classification of genus instead states the sub-species as A. m. intermissa v. Maa (M. S. Engel 1999)[5][6] Found in the south of Spain [7] and the (Maghreb) north of the Sahara desert in Africa, ranging from the east (Libya) to the west (Morocco),[8][9] and is adapted to dry climates.[10] This bee has a black-brown and orange striated abdomen and black-brown thorax with orange fur.[11][12][13][14]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]In a comparative study of five subspecies and A. m. iberica (Smith, Palopoli, Taylor, Garnery, Cornuet, Solignac, Brown 1991) cleavage maps obtained through the use of restriction enzymes [15] showed that the Spanish honey bee contains mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) similar to intermissa and also mellifera.[7] Additionally, A. m. intermissa belongs to a group shown by experiment to have similar mtDNA, this including monticola, scuttelata, adansonii and capensis [16][17][18]
In Spanish honey bee populations, mtDNA haplotypes of African bee strains were found to be frequently present (Smith 1991, Garnery et al 1995) (Cornuet et al 1975, 1978, 1982, 1988; Ruttner 1988; Cornuet and Fresnaye 1989; Orante-Bermejos and Garcia-Fernandez 1995; Hepburn and Radloff 1996). Migrating honey bee populations formed the original colonies of honey bees in western Europe, landing to eventually populate the continent from Africa across the Straits of Gibraltar.[19]
See also
[edit | edit source]References
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ M. S. Engel google.co.uk The Taxonomy of Recent and Fossil Honey Bees (Hymenoptera :Apidae , Apis) J.HYM RES Vol 8(2) 1999 p.165-196 [Retrieved 2011-12-20]
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b D. R. Smith, M. F. Palopoli, B. R. Taylor, L. Garnery, J.-M. Cornuet, M. Solignac, W. M. Brown Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ apiconsult.com website (Apiconsult 2006) a website dedicated to aiding and improving the livelihoods of people within Africa [Retrieved 2011-12-19]
- ^ Mark L. Winston books.google.co.uk The biology of the honey bee (281 pages) Harvard University Press, 1 Apr 1991 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). [Retrieved 2011-12-19]
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).[dead link]
- ^ Leen van 't Leven, Marieke Mutsaers, Piet Segeren, Hayo Velthuis books.google.co.uk AD32E Beekeeping in the tropics Agromisa Foundation[Retrieved 2012-12-19]
- ^ David Wynick University of Bristol [2nd Apr 2008] from askabiologist.org.uk website
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Jalel l'apiculteur flickr.com [Retrieved 2011-12-20]
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ John E. Dews, Eric Milner books.google.co.uk Breeding Better Bees (80 pages) WritersPrintShop, 2004 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). [Retrieved 2011-12-19]
- ^ M.Chouchene, N. Barbouche, M.Garnery, L.Baylac openstarts.units.it Nimis P.L. Vignes Lebbe R (eds.) Tools for Identifying Biodiversity: Progress and Problems p.343 Molecular and ecophysiological characterisation of the Tunisian bee: Apis mellifera intermissa Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). EUT,2010[Retrieved 2011-12-20]
- ^ Pierre Franck, Lionel Garnery, Michel Solignac and Jean-Marie Cornuet (1997) JSTOR The Origin of West European Subspecies of Honeybees (Apis mellifera): New Insights from Microsatellite and Mitochondrial Data EvolutionVol. 52, No. 4 (Aug., 1998), pp. 1119-1134 (article consists of 16 pages) Published by: Society for the Study of Evolution [Retrieved 2011-12-22]
External links
[edit | edit source]
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