Antaimoro dialect
| Antaimoro | |
|---|---|
| Zakan'Atemoro | |
| Native to | |
| Ethnicity | Antemoro people[1] |
Native speakers | 1,327,000 [2] |
Austronesian
| |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | mg |
| ISO 639-3 | plt |
| Glottolog | anta1259 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Linguasphere | 31-LDA-bb |
Antaimoro or Antemoro is a dialect[3][4][5][6] of Malagasy spoken by Antemoro people in the ex-region of Vatovavy-Fitovinany. [7]
Classification
[edit | edit source]Antemoro is part of the Austronesian language family, within the Central-Eastern Malagasic branch. It is further classified under the Plateaux Malagasy alongside Merina,Sihanaka, Antambahoaka and Antefasy.[8]
Geographical distribution
[edit | edit source]The Antemoro dialect is primarily spoken in the Fitovinany region of southeastern Madagascar, particularly in the districts of Manakara-Atsimo and Vohipeno. It is also spoken in the southern part of the neighboring Vatovavy region, including several communes such as Namorona, Sandrohy, and Vatohandrina.[9]
Characteristics
[edit | edit source]The Antemoro dialect is closely related to the Antaifasy dialect, with only minor phonological and lexical differences. One distinctive feature is the use of suffixes such as -tra and -gna in Antemoro, compared to variations like -gny in Antefasy. For example, the verb "to talk" is rendered as mikoragna in Antemoro, while in Antefasy it appears as mikoragny. Additionally, certain vocabulary items differ; for instance, the word for "sword" is sabatry in Antefasy and sabatra in Antemoro. Despite these differences, the dialects remain mutually intelligible to a high degree.
| Gloss | Antefasy | Antemoro |
|---|---|---|
| one | raiky | raika |
| I | iaho | iaho |
| me | anaha | anaha |
| we (inclusive) | atsika | atsika |
| we (exclusive) | ihay / ahay | ihay / ahay |
| they/them | indreo | indreo |
| only | avao | avao |
| also | koa | koza |
| all | aby/rehetra | aby/rehetra |
| to tell | mizaka / mitantara | mizaka / mitantara |
| above | ambony | ambony |
| now | amizao | amizao |
| dear | ingaha | ingahy |
| the / that | gne / e | gny |
| even | ndre | ndre |
| even if | ndre da | ndre da |
Vocabulary
[edit | edit source]Numerals
[edit | edit source]| English | Standard Malagasy | Antaimoro |
|---|---|---|
| One | Iray/Isa | Raika/Isa |
| Two | Roa | Roa |
| Three | Telo | Telo |
| Four | Efatra | Efatra |
| Five | Dimy | Dimy |
| Six | Enina | Enina |
| Seven | Fito | Fito |
| Eight | Valo | Valo |
| Nine | Sivy | Sivy |
| Ten | Folo | Folo |
| Hundred | Zato | Zato |
| Thousand | Arivo | Arivo |
| Ten thousand | Iray halina | Ray haligny |
| One hundred thousand | Iray hetsy | Ray hetsy |
| One million | Tapitrisa | Tapitrisa |
Animals
[edit | edit source]| English | Standard Malagasy | Antaimoro |
|---|---|---|
| Animal | Biby | Biby |
| Bird | Vorona | Vorogny |
| Duck | Ganagana | Ganagana |
| Chicken | Akoho | Akoho |
| Goose | Gisa | Gisa |
| Cow | Omby | Aomby |
| Sheep | Ondry | Ondry |
Direction
[edit | edit source]| English | Standard Malagasy | Antaimoro |
|---|---|---|
| North | Avaratra | Avaratry |
| South | Atsimo | Atsimo |
| East | Atsinanana | Atsignanagna |
| West | Andrefana | Andrefagna |
Time
[edit | edit source]| English | Standard Malagasy | Antaimoro |
|---|---|---|
| Day | Andro | Andro |
| Today | Anio/Androany | Androany |
| Yesterday | Omaly | Omaly |
| Tomorrow | Rahampitso | Omaray/Ampitso |
| Month | Volana | Volagna |
| Year | Taona | Taogna |
Writing System
[edit | edit source]The Antemoro dialect is one of the Malagasy varieties that were historically written using the Arabic-derived Arabico-Malagasy script, alongside that of the Antambahoaka and Tanosy. This script, known as *Sorabe* ("large writings"), was primarily used for magical and divinatory purposes.[10][11]
In the early 19th century, during the reign of King Andrianampoinimerina (c. 1800–1804), two Taimoro sages from the southeast, Andriamahazonoro (d. 1838) and Ratsilikaina, were summoned to the Merina capital to inaugurate a royal palace school. By 1817, they had introduced the Sorabe script to five or six royal children, including the future king Radama I.[12]
Before ultimately deciding to adopt the Latin alphabet for the translation of the Bible, the first English Protestant missionaries in Madagascar considered using the Arabico-Malagasy orthography of the Taimoro people. They studied the script and discussed this possibility with King Radama I, before jointly opting for the Latin alphabet as the basis of the new standardized writing system.[13]
References
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