Anisus vorticulus
| Anisus vorticulus | |
|---|---|
| File:Anisus vorticulus.jpg | |
| Shells of Anisus vorticulus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Superorder: | Hygrophila |
| Family: | Planorbidae |
| Genus: | Anisus |
| Species: | A. vorticulus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Anisus vorticulus | |
Anisus vorticulus (lesser ramshorn snail or little whirlpool ramshorn snail) is a species of small, air-breathing, freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails.
Description
[edit | edit source]The lesser ramshorn snail is a very small species growing to a maximum diameter of 5 mm (0.2 in). The shell lacks a keel and the peripheral angle is relatively prominent, with a slender, narrow periostracal fringe.[3]
Distribution
[edit | edit source]Anisus vorticulus occurs in Czech Republic[4] - critically endangered (CR).[5] Its Conservation status in 2004–2006 is bad (U2) in report for European Commission in accordance with Habitats Directive.[6] England - vulnerable (VU),[7] listed in List of endangered species in the British Isles. It is currently the focus of a Back from the Brink project.[8] Ireland, Germany - critically endangered (vom Aussterben bedroht),[9] Netherlands,[10] Poland, Slovakia - critically endangered,[4][11] Latvia and Croatia - in the Krka National Park. First finding of this species in Croatia was in 2009.[1][12]
In the British Isles, this species is restricted to a small number of sites in the Norfolk Broads and the Pevensey Levels and Arun Valley in Sussex and Surrey.[1][13]
Habitat
[edit | edit source]This small snail lives in pools with standing water and in oxbow lakes, but these biotopes are threatened because of sedimentation and ecological succession. It favours ditches with much aquatic flora but little emergent vegetation. Invasive plants such as floating marsh pennywort, (Hydrocotyle ranunculouides), that sometimes chokes ditches, and the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) are particularly harmful.[1]
This species often lives in places where there is abundant duckweed Lemna spp.[13] Water quality that is suitable for Anisus vorticulus is water without turbidity, with a high pH and a low level of nutrients.[1][13] The main threats to this snail include land drainage, poor habitat management and eutrophication.[13]
Conservation
[edit | edit source]United Kingdom
[edit | edit source]Anisus vorticulus is a protected species in the United Kingdom under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 and a license is needed to possess live or dead specimens taken from the wild since October 2008.[14] The species has gained coverage in the UK as infrastructure projects impacting its habitats have been delayed. 800 snails living in ditches alongside the Acle Straight, a part of the A47 road, were moved to a new habitat in 2016, delaying expansion plans for the road until monitoring at the new habitats was complete in 2023.[15] In 2022, it was reported that the translocation had had "mixed" results;[16] in 2025, National Highways' full report found that it had been successful.[17][18]
Later in 2025, British Chancellor Rachel Reeves was recorded saying she had unblocked a planned development of 20,000 homes at a site in Sussex which had "some snails on the site that are a protected species or something", apparently referring to A. vorticulus.[19] Craig Bennett, CEO of The Wildlife Trusts, said it was "shocking ... to hear the way that the chancellor just dismisses ecological science" and noted that there was a "proud tradition" of assessing the environmental impact of building projects before permitting them.[19]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c d e Van Damme D. (2012). "Anisus vorticulus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. >www.iucnredlist.org<. Downloaded on 22 February 2015.
- ^ Troschel F. H. (1834). De limnaeaceis seu de gasteropodis pulmonatis quae nostris in aquis vivunt. pp. [1-5], 1-65, [1]. Berolini. page 51.
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- ^ Juřičková L., Horsák M. & Beran L. (2001) "Check-list of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic". Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 65: 25-40.
- ^ (in Czech) Dušek J., Hošek M. & Kolářová J. (2007) "Hodnotící zpráva o stavu z hlediska ochrany evropsky významných druhů a typů přírodních stanovišť v České republice za rok 2004-2006". Ochrana přírody 62(5): appendix 5:I-IV.
- ^ UK Biodiversity Action Plan Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- ^ (in German) Glöer P. & Meier-Brook C. (2003) Süsswassermollusken. DJN, pp. 134, page 109, Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
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External links
[edit | edit source]
- Anisus vorticulus at Animalbase
- distribution of Anisus vorticulus at European Environment Agency webpage
- (in Czech) Anisus vorticulus and its distribution in the Czech Republic with map
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