Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882
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| Act of Parliament | |
 | |
| Long title | An Act for the better protection of Ancient Monuments. |
|---|---|
| Citation | 45 & 46 Vict. c. 73 |
| Introduced by | John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury (Lords) |
| Territorial extent | United Kingdom |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 18 August 1882 |
| Commencement | 18 August 1882[b] |
| Repealed | 15 August 1913 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amended by | |
| Repealed by | Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913 |
Status: Repealed | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
The Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. c. 73) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was introduced by John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, recognising the need for a governmental administration on the protection of ancient monuments, and was finally passed after a number of failed attempts on heritage protection acts. The gradual change towards a state-based authority responsible for the safeguarding of the Kingdom's national heritage manifested itself through the appointment of the first Inspector of Ancient Monuments in 1882, General Pitt Rivers.[1]
Development of the legislation
[edit | edit source]According to Halfin, "Lubbock's Bill came at a time when England was among the last of the European nations to be completely without protective legislation for cultural property. Many of his ideas were borrowed from a long history of royal and aristocratic interest in preservation that was prevalent in Europe during the nineteenth century. In particular, Lubbock was strongly influenced by the Abbé Gregoire, who had so successfully championed the cause of cultural preservation in France."[2]
The first introduction of the bill in 1873 was controversial because it envisioned the government being able to compulsorily purchase monuments on privately owned land if the owner decided to develop the land. By the Act's passage in 1882, these provisions had been removed from the bill.[2]
The schedule
[edit | edit source]The act contains a schedule of the initial 68 sites that were covered by the legislation. These are almost all pre-historic monuments, some of the most famous such sites in the country among them, alongside some that were felt to be at particular risk at the time.
England and Wales
[edit | edit source]There were 26 English sites listed in the schedule, in just 10 counties, including seven sites in Wiltshire. Welsh monuments were represented by one site in each of north, south and west Wales.[3]
| Site name | 1882 description | Site type | Period | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plas Newydd Burial Chambers | The tumulus and dolmen, Plas Newydd, Llandedwen, Anglesea. | Chambered tomb | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Wayland's Smithy | The tumulus known as Wayland Smith's Forge, Ashbury, Berkshire. | Long barrow | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Uffington Castle | Uffington Castle, Uffington, Berkshire. | Hillfort | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Long Meg and Her Daughters | The stone circle known as Long Meg and her Daughters, near Penrith, Addingham, Cumberland. | Stone circle | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Castlerigg stone circle | The stone circle on Castle Rigg, near Keswick, Crosthwaite, Cumberland. | Stone circle | Late Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Low Longrigg stone circles | The stone circles on Burn Moor, St. Bees, Cumberland. | Five stone circles | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Nine Ladies | The stone circle known as The Nine Ladies, Stanton Moor, Bakewell, Derbyshire. | Stone circle | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Arbor Low | The tumulus known as Arborlow, Bakewell, Derbyshire. | Henge | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Hob Hurst's House | Hob Hurst's House and Hut, Baslow Moor. Bakewell, Derbyshire. | Round barrow | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Minninglow | Minning Low, Brassington, Derbyshire. | Round barrow | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Arthur's Stone | Arthur's Quoit, Gower, Llanridian, Glamorganshire. | Chambered tomb | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Uley Long Barrow | The tumulus at Uley, Gloucestershire. | Long barrow | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Kit's Coty House | Kits Coty House, Aylesford, Kent. | Long barrow | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Hunsbury Hill | Danes Camp, Hardingstone, Northamptonshire. | Hillfort | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Castle Dykes Enclosure | Castle Dykes, Farthingston, Northamptonshire. | Hillfort enclosure | Iron Age to Roman | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Rollright Stones | The Rollrich Stones, Little Rollright, Oxfordshire. | Megaliths | Neolithic and Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Pentre Ifan | The Pentre Evan Cromlech, Nevern, Pembrokeshire. | Chambered tomb | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Stanton Drew stone circles | The ancient stones at Stanton Drew, Somersetshire. | Two stone circles | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Stoney Littleton Long Barrow | The chambered tumulus at Stoney Littleton, Wellow, Somersetshire. | Chambered tomb | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Cadbury Castle | Cadbury Castle, South Cadbury, Somersetshire. | Hillfort | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Mayburgh Henge | Mayborough, near Penrith, Barton, Westmoreland. | Henge | Neolithic or Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| King Arthur's Round Table (henge) | Arthur's Round Table, Penrith, Barton, Westmoreland. | Henge | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Stonehenge | The group of stones known as Stonehenge, Amesbury, Wiltshire. | Henge | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Old Sarum | Old Sarum, Wiltshire. | Hillfort | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Avebury | The vallum at Abury, the Sarcen stones within the same, those along the Kennet Road, and the group between Abury and Beckhampton, Abury, Wiltshire. | Henge | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| West Kennet Long Barrow | The long barrow at West Kennet, near Marlborough, West Kennet, Wiltshire. | Long barrow | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Silbury Hill | Silbury Hill, Abury, Wiltshire. | Mound | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| The Devil's Den | The Dolmen (Devil's Den), near Marlborough, Fyfield, Wiltshire. | Chambered tomb | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Barbury Castle | Barbury Castle, Ogboume, St. Andrews, and Swindon, Wiltshire. | Hillfort | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
Scotland
[edit | edit source]The 1882 schedule included 21 monuments, the majority of which are prehistoric sites.[3] Two are Neolithic, five Bronze Age, eight Iron Age and six from early Christian/Pictish periods, although two of the prehistoric stones also have notable early Christian additions.[4] Those sites now in the care of Historic Scotland are indicated with '(HS)'.
| Site name | 1882 description | Site type | Period | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inverurie Cemetery, four symbol stones | The Bass of Inverury, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. | Four Pictish Stones | 9th century | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Tap o' Noth, Rhynie | The vitrified fort on the Hill of Noath, Rhynie, Aberdeenshire. | Hillfort | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Newton House, inscribed stone and symbol stone | The pillar and stone at Newton-in-the-Garioch, Culsalmond, Aberdeenshire. | Pictish stones | 9th century | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Edin's Hall Broch | The circular walled structures called "Edin’s Hall," on Cockburn Law, Dunse, Berwickshire. | Broch (HS) | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Palisaded Huts Nr Lauder Barns | The British walled settlement enclosing huts at Harefaulds in Lauderdale, Lauder, Berwickshire. | settlement | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Dun Dornaigil | The Dun of Dornadilla, Durness, Sutherlandshire. | Broch (HS) | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Sueno's Stone | The sculptured stone called Suenos Stone, near Forres, Rafford, Elgin. | Standing stone | 9th century | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Drosten Stone | The cross slab, with inscription, in the churchyard of St. Vigeans, St. Vigeans, Forfarshire. | Pictish stone | 9th century | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Caterthun | The British forts, on the hills, called "The Black and White Catherthuns," Menmuir, Forfarshire. | Hillforts (HS) | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Clava cairns | A group of remains and pillars, on a haugh at Clava on the banks of the Nairn, Croy and Dalcross, Inverness. | Chamber tomb (HS) | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Dun Telve and Dun Troddan | The Pictish Towers at Glenelg, Inverness. | Brochs (HS) | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Drumwhirn Cairn and Boreland cairn? | The Cairns, with chambers and galleries partially dilapidated, Minnigaff, Kirkcudbrightshire. | Chamber tombs | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Cat Stane | The Catstane, an inscribed pillar, Kirkliston, Linlithgow. | Inscribed stone | Bronze Age & 5th century | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Ring of Brodgar | The Ring of Brogar and other stone pillars at Stennis in Orkney, and the neighbouring pillars, Firth and Stennis, Orkney. | Henge (HS) | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Maeshowe | The Chambered mound of Maeshowe, Firth and Stennis, Orkney. | Chambered cairn (HS) | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Callanish Stones | The stones of Callernish, Uig, Ross. | Stone circles | Bronze Age & 5th century | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Broch of Clickimin | The Burgh of Clickanim, Sound, Shetland. | Broch (HS) | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Broch of Mousa | The Pictish tower at Mousa in Shetland, Dunrossness, Shetland. | Broch (HS) | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| (now in Whithorn Priory Museum?) | The inscribed slab standing on the roadside leading from Wigton to Whithorn and about a mile from Whithorn, Whithorn, Wigtonshire. | Inscribed stone | Early Christian | |
| Laggangairn Standing Stones | Two stones, with incised crosses, on a mound in a field at Laggangairn, New Luce, Wigtonshire. | Standing stones (HS) | Bronze Age & early Christian | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Kirkmadrine Early Christian Stones | The pillars at Kirkmadrine, Stoneykirk, Wigtonshire. | Inscribed stones (HS) | 6th century | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
Ireland
[edit | edit source]In 1882 the whole of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. Subsequent legislation for Ireland used the terminology of historic monuments, which continues in Northern Ireland. Three sites in the schedule are in what became Northern Ireland, one being in County Armagh and two in County Down.[5] The fifteen sites now in the Republic of Ireland are protected by the National Monuments Service[6] and include two world heritage sites. As with England and Wales, the 1882 selection was overwhelmingly those thought to be prehistoric sites, although there is now uncertainty over the age of many sites.
| Site name | 1882 description | Site type | Period | Location | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navan Fort | The earthen enclosure and mounds called the Navan Fort, Eglish, Armagh. | Ceremonial site | Iron Age, Celtic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Glencolumbkille Cashel | Stone monuments and groups of sepulchral cists in Glen Maulin, Glencolumbkille, Banagh, Donegal. | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |||
| Grianan of Aileach | The earthen and stone inclosure known as Grimm of Aileach, Burt, West Innishowen, Donegal. | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |||
| Giant's Ring | The earthen inclosure and Cromlech called the Giant's Ring near Ballylessan, Drumbo, Upper Castlereagh, Down. | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |||
| Downpatrick Mound of Down? | The earthen fort at Downpatrick (Dunkeltair), Leoale, Down. | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |||
| Staigue stone fort | Stone structure called Staigue Fort, Kilcrogham, Dunkerron, Kerry. | Ringfort | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Greenmount Motte | The earthen mound at Greenmount, Kilsaren, Ardee, Kerry. | Motte over a Souterrain | Anglo-Norman and older | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Ballina megalithic tomb (Dolmen of the Four Maols) | The stone monument at Ballyna, Kilmoremoy, Tyrawly, Mayo. | Chamber tomb | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Glebe Stone Circles | Cairns and stone circles at Moytura, Cong, Kilmaine, Mayo. | Stone Circles | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | ||
| Brú na Bóinne (Bend of the Boyne) World heritage site | The tumuli, New Grange, Knowth and Dowth, Monknewton and Dowth, Upper Slane, Meath. | Megalithic complex | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Hill of Tara | The earthworks on the hill of Tara, Skreen, Meath. | multi-period | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | ||
| Telltown | The earthworks at Teltown (Taltin), Upper Kells, Meath. | Bronze Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | ||
| Hill of Ward | The earthworks at Wardstown (Tlaghta), Athboy, Lune, Meath. | Ringfort | Iron Age | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Slieve na Calliagh | The two central tumuli on the hills called Slieve Na Calliagh, Loughcrew, Fore, Meath. | Megalithic complex | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Heapstown Cairn | The Cairn at Heapstown, Kilmacallan, Tirerrill, Sligo. | Passage tomb | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | ||
| Knocknarea passage tombs & Medb's Cairn | Sepulchral remains at Carrowmore. The cairn called Miscaun Mave or Knocknarea, Kilmacowen, Curbury, Sligo. | Passage tomb | Neolithic | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |
| Drumlohan Souterrain & Ogham Stones | The cave containing Ogham inscribed stones at Drumloghan, Stradbally, Decies-without-Drum, Waterford. | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. | |||
| Hill of Uisneach (Royal sites of Ireland) | The stone monument called the Catstone and the cemetery on the hill of Usnagh, Killare, Rathconrath, Westmeath. | Royal innauguartion site | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
Legacy
[edit | edit source]The whole act was repealed by section 24 of, and the second schedule to, the Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913 (3 & 4 Geo. 5. c. 32)
See also
[edit | edit source]- Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1900
- Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1910
- Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913
- Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979
- Reproduced copy of 1882 Act
- List of prehistoric structures in Great Britain
Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ Section 1.
- ^ The Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793.
References
[edit | edit source]- The Construction of Built Heritage Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (Includes the full text of the 1882 Act.)
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ National Monuments database at archaeology.ie
External links
[edit | edit source]
The full text of Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 at Wikisource
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