Amandinea

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Amandinea
File:Amandinea punctata 2 - Lindsey.jpg
Amandinea punctata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Caliciales
Family: Caliciaceae
Genus: Amandinea
M.Choisy ex Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (1993)
Type species
Amandinea coniops
(Wahlenb.) M.Choisy ex Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (1993)
Synonyms
  • Amandinea M.Choisy (1950)

Amandinea is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae.[1] Genetic studies indicates that the genus Amandinea and Buellia are the same,[2] although this is not widely accepted.[3]

Taxonomy

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The genus was originally circumscribed by Maurice Choisy in 1950, with Amandinea coniops assigned as the type species.[4] However, the name was published invalidly because it was not accompanied by a Latin description or diagnosis, a requirement of the nomenclatural rules of the time.[5] Christoph Scheidegger and Helmut Mayrhofer published the genus name validly in 1993.[6] The generic name honours French Madame Amandine Manière, an acquaintance of Choisy.[7]

Description

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Amandinea species have a crustose thallus ranging from cracked (rimose) to slightly blistered (bullate). The internal white layer (medulla) is iodine-negative (I−), meaning it does not turn blue in the standard iodine test and is therefore non-amyloid. The photosynthetic partner is a chlorococcoid green alga, i.e. with small, spherical cells. Sexual fruiting bodies are apothecia with either a lecanorine margin (rim made of thallus tissue) or a lecideine margin (dark, non-thalline rim). These apothecia may be partly sunk into the thallus (immersed) or sit on top of it (sessile), with either a broad or narrowed base; the discs are typically black or nearly so. The tissue beneath the spore layer (hypothecium) is pale to dark brown, sometimes with olive tones.[8]

Inside the apothecia, the hamathecium is made of paraphyses—microscopic, partitioned threads that run between the spore sacs. These are unbranched or branch only near the tip; the tips are swollen and pigmented, and many bear a dark brown cap. The asci (spore sacs) are club-shaped and of the Lecanora-type; they usually contain eight spores, though four or more than eight may occur. The ascospores are brown and 1-septate (with a single internal cross-wall), sometimes showing a thicker median wall; their surfaces are often finely wrinkled (rugose), a feature that generally requires electron microscopy to see reliably. Asexual reproduction is common via pycnidia (tiny flask-like structures) that produce curved, thread-like conidia up to about 30 μm long. Chemical tests rarely detect secondary metabolites in this genus (norstictic acid is uncommon but occurs in a few species), while most species show no substances detectable by thin-layer chromatography.[8]

Species

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As of November 2023, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 94 species of Amandinea.[9]

File:Amandinea polyspora-1.jpg
Amandinea polyspora
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References

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  1. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Scheidegger, C. 2009. Amandinea Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer (1993). In: C. W. Smith, A. Aptroot, B. J. Coppins, A. Fletcher, O. L. Gilbert, P. W. James and P. A. Wosley (eds.) The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. The British Lichen Society, Natural History Museum Publications, United Kingdom, pp. 142–144
  3. ^ Amandinea punctata in the Joshua Tree National Park (California, U.S.A.) Map collection: Kerry Knudsen, Kocourková Jana; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology, Czech Republic; 2012
  4. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  8. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Open access icon
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