Aerolysin
| Aerolysin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Aerolysin | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Aerolysin | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01117 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0345 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR005830 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PDOC00247 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 9fm6 1pre, 9fm6 / 9fm6 SCOPe / 9fm6 SUPFAM | ||||||||
| TCDB | 1.C.4 | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 35 | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 9fm6 5jzt, 9fm6 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
In molecular biology, Aerolysin is a cytolytic pore-forming toxin exported by Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium associated with diarrhoeal diseases and deep wound infections.[1][2] It is also produced by the caterpillar of the moth Megalopyge opercularis, sometimes called the Tree Asp. The mature toxin binds to eukaryotic cells and aggregates to form holes (approximately 3 nm in diameter) leading to the destruction of the membrane permeability barrier and osmotic lysis. The structure of proaerolysin has been determined to 2.8A resolution and shows the protoxin to adopt a novel fold.[2] High-resolution cryo-EM atomic models of aerolysin in membrane-like environment (lipid copolymer Nanodiscs) as well as some prepore-like mutant have been elucidated, permitting the identification of important interactions required for pore formation and revealing four constriction rings in the pore lumen.[3]
Aerolysin as a biosensor
[edit | edit source]Aerolysin has also been used as a biosensor due to its narrow lumen and four constrictions points,[3] which could be easily mutated, rendering aerolysin very sensitive[4][5][6] for the detection of small molecules,[7] (cyclic[8]) peptides,[9][10] polymers,[11][12] biopolymers such as DNA[13] or RNA,[14] different sugars[15] and also some proteins.[16]
Aerolysin has also been used as a tool to assess the action mechanism of the Hsp70 protein[17] and to study the association mechanism to the membrane as well as pore formation with angle-resolved second harmonic scattering (AR-SHS), enabling to quantify quantitatively the affinity of aerolysin to lipids using liposomes.[18]
References
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