1241

1241 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1241 MCCXLI
Ab urbe condita	1994
Armenian calendar	690 ԹՎ ՈՂ
Assyrian calendar	5991
Balinese saka calendar	1162–1163
Bengali calendar	647–648
Berber calendar	2191
English Regnal year	25 Hen. 3 – 26 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1785
Burmese calendar	603
Byzantine calendar	6749–6750
Chinese calendar	庚子年 (Metal Rat) 3938 or 3731     — to — 辛丑年 (Metal Ox) 3939 or 3732
Coptic calendar	957–958
Discordian calendar	2407
Ethiopian calendar	1233–1234
Hebrew calendar	5001–5002
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1297–1298
- Shaka Samvat	1162–1163
- Kali Yuga	4341–4342
Holocene calendar	11241
Igbo calendar	241–242
Iranian calendar	619–620
Islamic calendar	638–639
Japanese calendar	Ninji 2 (仁治２年)
Javanese calendar	1150–1151
Julian calendar	1241 MCCXLI
Korean calendar	3574
Minguo calendar	671 before ROC 民前671年
Nanakshahi calendar	−227
Thai solar calendar	1783–1784
Tibetan calendar	ལྕགས་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་ (male Iron-Rat) 1367 or 986 or 214     — to — ལྕགས་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Iron-Ox) 1368 or 987 or 215

Year 1241 (MCCXLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Pope Gregory IX

Events

• March 18 – Battle of Chmielnik (Mongol invasion of Poland): The Mongols overwhelm the feudal Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces, and plunder the abandoned city of Kraków.
• April 9 – Battle of Legnica: The Mongols, under the command of Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan, defeat the feudal Polish nobility, including the Knights Templar.
• April 11 – Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.
• May – Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
• May 10 – Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: The Milesian Irish septs of the Ó Dónaills from Donegal, the Ó Néills from Armagh and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the last Tuatha Dé Danann sept, the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler.
• Early northern summer – A succession crisis or other priorities results in the Mongols withdrawing behind their river barrier into Ukraine and the Russias, leaving Central Asian and far Eastern Europe peoples tributary to the Khanates, but leaving Poland and Hungary to begin recovery and reorganization.
• August 29 – After Henry III of England's invasion of Wales, the Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by him and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, curbing the latter's authority and denying him royal title.
• September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic saga writer, is murdered by Gissur Þorvaldsson, an emissary of King Haakon IV of Norway.
• December – Siege of Lahore (1241): The Mongols under Tair Bahadur besiege and sack the city of Lahore in the Delhi Sultanate.
• December 11 – Ögedei Khan dies after a drinking binge. His death halts the Mongol advance into Western Europe.
• Emperor Lizong of Song China accepts the Neo-Confucian teachings of the late Zhu Xi, including his commentary on the Four Books. This will have an impact upon the philosophical schools of surrounding countries as well, including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
• Livonian Crusade: The Estonian rebellion of 1237 is suppressed on Saaremaa Island, by the Livonian Order.
• The University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.

Births

• September 4 – King Alexander III of Scotland (d. 1286)
• Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (d. 1290)
• Sophia of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (d. 1286)

Deaths

• March 17 – Köten, Cuman chieftain
• March 28 – Valdemar II of Denmark (b. 1170)
• March 31 – Pousa, voivode of Transylvania
• April 9 – Duke Henry II of Poland
• April 11 (killed in the Battle of Mohi):
  • Andrew, son of Serafin, judge royal
  • Izsép Bő, Hungarian nobleman
  • Ugrin Csák (b. c. 1190)
  • Gregory (bishop of Győr)
  • Nicholas I Gutkeled, ban of Slavonia
  • James (bishop of Nyitra)
  • Dominic I Rátót, master of the treasury
  • Matthias Rátót, archbishop of Esztergom (b. c. 1206)
  • Raynald of Belleville, bishop of Transylvania
  • Denis Tomaj, palatine of Hungary
• June 24 – Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
• August 10 – Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (b. c. 1184), princess long gently imprisoned in England
• August 22 – Pope Gregory IX
• September 20 – Conrad II of Salzwedel, German nobleman and bishop
• September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (b. 1178)
• September 26 – Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet
• November 10 – Pope Celestine IV
• December 1 – Isabella of England, Holy Roman empress, spouse of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214)
• Bernardo di Quintavalle, Italian follower of St. Francis of Assisi
• Mary, Countess of Blois (b. 1200)
• Nicholas Szák, Hungarian nobleman
• Buzád Hahót, Hungarian nobleman and Christian martyr
• Coloman of Galicia, Hungarian royalty, Prince (then King) of Halych, Duke of Slavonia (b. 1208)
• Ögedei Khan, 2nd Khagan of the Mongol Empire and successor to Genghis Khan (b. c. 1185)
• Baba Ishak, charismatic Turkman preacher (b. c. 1239)