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{{Short description|Library for the Python programming language}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Python Imaging Library
| logo =
| screenshot =
| caption =
| collapsible =
| author = Fredrik Lundh
| developer = Secret Labs AB
| released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1995|}}<ref name="license"/>
| latest release version = 1.1.7
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2009|11|15}}<ref name="website">{{cite web |url=http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121102218/http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/ |archive-date=21 November 2020 |title=Python Imaging Library |website=Secret Labs AB |accessdate=December 8, 2013}}</ref>
| latest preview version = 1.2a0<ref name="hg">{{cite web |title=effbot / pil-2009-raclette |url=http://hg.effbot.org/pil-2009-raclette |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315041249/http://hg.effbot.org/pil-2009-raclette |archive-date=15 March 2015 |accessdate=December 8, 2013 }}</ref>
| latest preview date = {{Start date and age|2011||}}
| frequently updated = 
| programming language = [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C (programming language)|C]]
| operating system =
| platform =
| size =
| language =
| status =
| genre = Library for [[image processing]]
| license = [[Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer]]<ref name="license">{{cite web |title=Software License |website=Secret Labs AB |url=http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/license.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720222143/http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/license.htm |archive-date=20 July 2020 |accessdate=December 8, 2013}}</ref>
| website = {{url|https://python-pillow.github.io/}}
}}

{{Infobox software
| name = Pillow
| logo =
| screenshot =
| caption =
| collapsible =
| author = Jeffrey A. Clark (Alex)
| developer =
| released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2010|07|31}}<ref name="license"/>
| latest release version = 11.1.0
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2025|01|02}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/ | title=Release Notes | website=Pillow (PIL Fork) Documentation | access-date=February 5, 2025}}</ref>
| frequently updated = 
| programming language = [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C (programming language)|C]]
| operating system =
| platform =
| size =
| language =
| status =
| genre = Library for [[image processing]]
| license = [[Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer]]<ref name="license"></ref>
| website = {{url|https://python-pillow.github.io/}}
}}

'''Python Imaging Library''' is a [[Free and open-source software|free and open-source]] additional [[Library (computing)|library]] for the [[Python (programming language)|Python programming language]] that adds support for opening, [[Image editing|manipulating]], and saving many different [[image file formats]]. It is available for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], {{nowrap|Mac OS X}} and [[Linux]]. The latest version of PIL is 1.1.7, was released in September 2009 and supports Python 1.5.2–2.7.<ref name="website"></ref>

Development of the original project, known as '''PIL''', was discontinued in 2011.<ref name="hg"></ref> Subsequently, a successor project named '''Pillow''' [[Fork (software development)|forked]] the PIL repository and added Python 3.x support.<ref name="pillow">{{cite web |title=Pillow: a modern fork of PIL |url=https://pillow.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ |accessdate=December 8, 2013}}</ref> This fork has been adopted as a replacement for the original PIL in [[Linux distribution]]s including [[Debian GNU/Linux|Debian]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Details of package python-imaging in sid |website=packages.debian.org |publisher=[[Software in the Public Interest]] |url=http://packages.debian.org/sid/python-imaging |access-date=December 8, 2013}}</ref> and [[Ubuntu]] (since [[Ubuntu version history#1304|13.04]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Details of package python-imaging in raring |website=ubuntu.com |publisher=[[Canonical Ltd.]] |url=https://packages.ubuntu.com/raring/python/python-imaging |access-date=December 8, 2013}}</ref>

==Capabilities==
PIL offers several standard procedures for image manipulation. These include:
* per-pixel manipulations,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PyAccess Module |url=https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/PyAccess.html |access-date=September 20, 2024 |website=readthedocs.io}}</ref>
* masking and transparency handling,
* image filtering, such as blurring, contouring, smoothing, or edge finding,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ImageFilter Module |url=https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/ImageFilter.html |access-date=September 20, 2024 |website=readthedocs.io}}</ref>
* image enhancing, such as sharpening, adjusting brightness, contrast or color,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ImageColor Module |url=https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/ImageColor.html |access-date=September 20, 2024 |website=readthedocs.io}}</ref>
* adding text

==File formats==
Supported file formats include [[Netpbm format|PPM]], [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]], [[JPEG]], [[GIF]], [[TIFF]], and [[BMP file format|BMP]].
PIL is extensible, allowing users to create custom decoders for any file format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://effbot.org/imagingbook/decoder.htm |title=D. Writing Your Own File Decoder |publisher=Effbot.org |date= |accessdate=2014-01-28}}</ref>

== Programming examples ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
import os
from PIL import Image

def convert_jpegs_to_pngs(folder_path):
# Checks if the provided path is a folder
if not os.path.isdir(folder_path):
print(f"Error: {folder_path} is not a valid folder.")
return

# Iterates over all files in the folder
for filename in os.listdir(folder_path):
# Checks if the file has a .jpg or .jpeg extension
if filename.lower().endswith(".jpg") or filename.lower().endswith(".jpeg"):
# Full path of the file
jpeg_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename)
# Path for the converted file
png_path = os.path.join(folder_path, os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".png")

try:
# Opens the JPEG image
with Image.open(jpeg_path) as img:
# Converts and saves as PNG
img.save(png_path, "PNG")
print(f"Converted {jpeg_path} to {png_path}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error converting {jpeg_path}: {e}")
</syntaxhighlight>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20201121102218/http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200914010747/https://effbot.org/imagingbook/ PIL Library reference]
*{{wikibooks-inline|Python Imaging Library}}
*[https://python-pillow.github.io/ Pillow (Successor project)]
*[https://gethowstuff.com/python-pillow-pil-tutorial-examples/ PIL Tutorial Examples]

[[Category:Graphics libraries]]
[[Category:Python (programming language) libraries]]

Python Imaging Library - Revision history

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