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{{Short description|High-level programming language}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2025}}

The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to JavaScript:


{{Transclude lead excerpt| JavaScript | paragraphs=1 | more=no }}

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== What ''type'' of language is JavaScript? ==
* [[Programming language]] — artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.
** [[High-level programming language]] — a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer, such as having words, making it closer to natural language and easier to use than low level programming languages (which are much more cryptic).
*** [[Compiled language]] — source code is converted ("compiled") to an intermediate form in order to be run.
**** [[Interpreted language]] — [[bytecode]] is executed by a virtual machine, which performs [[just-in-time compilation]].
*** [[Dynamic programming language]] — allows various operations to be determined and executed at runtime, such as declaring data types, unlike in static languages, where the structure and types are fixed during compilation.
*** [[Multi-paradigm programming language]] — A programming paradigm is a relatively high-level way to conceptualize and structure the implementation of a computer program. JavaScript supports many paradigms.
**** [[Scripting language]] — programming language that is used for scripting, which is the act of writing a script, which is a relatively short and simple set of instructions which automate an otherwise manual process.
**** [[Event-driven programming|Event-driven programming language]] — the flow of programs is determined by external events, such as inputs from mice, keyboards, touchpads and touchscreens, and external sensors.
**** [[imperative programming|Imperative programming language]] — code directly controls [[Control flow|execution flow]] and state change, explicit statements that change a program state
***** [[procedural programming|Procedural programming language]] — organized as [[function (computer programming)|procedures]] that call each other
***** [[object-oriented programming|Object-oriented programming language]] — organized as [[Object (computer science)|objects]] that contain both data structure and associated behavior, uses data structures consisting of data fields and methods together with their interactions (objects) to design programs
****** [[Class (programming)|Class-based programming language]] — supports object-oriented programming in which [[Inheritance (object-oriented programming)|inheritance]] is achieved by defining classes of objects, versus the objects themselves
****** [[Prototype-based programming|Prototype-based programming language]] — includes object-oriented programming that avoids classes and implements inheritance via cloning of instances
**** [[declarative programming|Declarative programming language]] — its code declares properties of the desired result, but not how to compute it, describes what computation should perform, without specifying detailed state changes
***** [[functional programming|Functional programming language]] — a desired result is declared as the value of a series of function evaluations, uses evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids state and mutable data

== History of JavaScript ==

[[History of JavaScript]]
* [[ECMAScript version history]]
* Failed proposals
** [[AtScript]]
* Former tools
** [[Google Closure Tools]]
** [[JavaScript OSA]]
** [[JavaScript Style Sheets]]
** [[Morfik]]
* Persons notable for developing JavaScript
** [[Douglas Crockford]]
** [[Ryan Dahl]]
** [[Brendan Eich]]
** [[Paul Irish]]
** [[John Resig]]

== Javascript fundamentals ==

* [[Userscript]]
** [[Bookmarklet]]
* [[Userscript manager]]
* [[JavaScript syntax]]
* [[JavaScript library]]

== Issues and limitations ==

* [[JavaScript#Security|Security issues]]

== Specifications of the language ==

* [[ECMAScript]] – this specification defines and standardizes the JavaScript language, such as its vernacular, syntax, and so on.
** [[ECMAScript version history]]
** [[Ecma International]] – the non-profit organization responsible for ECMAScript and many other communications standards.

== Where JavaScript works (its runtime environments) ==
JavaScript works primarily in two main types of runtime environments:

* in [[web browser]]s, which power JavaScript from webpages using a JavaScript engine. This is referred to as being "[[client-side]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/serverless/glossary/client-side-vs-server-side/|title=What do client side and server side mean? | Client side vs. server side|website=Cloudflare}}</ref>
** [[List of JavaScript engines]]
* on [[Web server]]s, referred to as being "[[server-side]]"
** [[List of server-side JavaScript implementations]]

== Adaptive web design ==

[[Adaptive web design]]
* [[CSS framework]]
* [[Media queries]]
* [[Parallax scrolling]]
* [[Progressive enhancement]]
* [[Unobtrusive JavaScript]]

== JavaScript toolchain ==

* [[Google Web Toolkit]]
* [[WebSharper]]

=== Libraries ===

* [[List of JavaScript libraries]]

=== Package managers ===
* [[Bun (software)|Bun]]
* [[npm (software)|npm]]
* [[Yarn (package manager)|yarn]]

=== Bundlers ===

* [[Webpack]]
* [[Vite (software)|Vite]]

=== Transpilers ===

* [[Babel (transcompiler)|Babel]]

=== Linters and formatters ===

* [[ESLint]]
* [[JSHint]]
* [[JSLint]]

=== Testing tools ===
* [[Mocha (JavaScript framework)|Mocha]]

=== Build and development tools ===
* [[Vite (software)|Vite]]

== General JavaScript concepts ==

* [[JavaScript templating]]
* [[CommonJS]]
* [[Comparison of JavaScript charting libraries]]
* [[CSS-in-JS]]
* [[Immediately invoked function expression]]
* [[Isomorphic JavaScript]]
* [[Prototype pollution]]
* [[Unobtrusive JavaScript]]
* [[Variable hoisting]]


== JavaScript dialects and related languages ==

* [[ArkTS]]
* [[ClojureScript]]
* [[CoffeeScript]]
* [[Dart (programming language)|Dart]]
* [[Elm (programming language)|Elm]]
* [[Embedded JavaScript]]
* [[Haxe]]
* [[JavaScript XML]]
* [[JS++]]
* [[LiveScript (programming language)|LiveScript]]
* [[Nim (programming language)|Nim]]
* [[Opa (programming language)|Opa]]
* [[PureScript]]
* [[Reason (programming language)|Reason]]
* [[TypeScript]]

== JavaScript organizations ==

* [[OpenJS Foundation]]

== JavaScript publications ==

=== Books about JavaScript ===

* ''DOM Scripting'' – [[Jeremy Keith (web developer)|Jeremy Keith]]
* ''[https://eloquentjavascript.net Eloquent JavaScript]'' – Marijn Haverbeke
* ''[https://www.crockford.com/image/howjsworks.pdf How JavaScript Works]'' – [[Douglas Crockford]]
* ''JavaScript Bible'' – [[Danny Goodman]]
* ''JavaScript: The Good Parts'' – [[Douglas Crockford]]
* ''Laura Lemay's Web Workshop: JavaScript'' – [[Laura Lemay]]
* ''Learn to Program with JavaScript'' – [[John Smiley (author)|John Smiley]]
* ''Pro JavaScript Techniques'' and ''Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja'' – [[John Resig]]

== JavaScript programmers ==

* [[Douglas Crockford]]
* [[Danny Goodman]]
* [[Jeremy Keith (web developer)|Jeremy Keith]]
* [[Laura Lemay]]
* [[John Resig]]
* [[John Smiley (author)|John Smiley]]


== See also ==
* [[Index of JavaScript-related articles]]
* [[Comparison of programming languages]]
* [[List of programmers]]
* [[Outline of computer programming]]
* [[Outline of software]]
* [[Outline of software engineering]]

; Outlines of other programming languages

* [[Outline of the C programming language]]
* [[Outline of the C sharp programming language]]
* [[Outline of the C++ programming language]]
* [[Outline of the Java programming language]]
* [[Outline of the Perl programming language]]
* [[Outline of the Python programming language]]
* [[Outline of the Rust programming language]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|JavaScript}}

* {{cite web |url=https://www.pldi21.org/prerecorded_hopl.12.html |title=JavaScript: The First 20 Years |access-date=2022-02-06}}
=== Free learning resources ===
* [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript MDN Web Docs - JavaScript] – The official and most authoritative JavaScript documentation by Mozilla, including tutorials, references, and examples for all levels.
* [https://eloquentjavascript.net Eloquent JavaScript - Online Book] – Highly regarded free book by Marijn Haverbeke that introduces JavaScript concepts through engaging examples and exercises.
* [https://javascript.info The Modern JavaScript Tutorial] – A comprehensive and interactive guide covering modern JavaScript, from basics to advanced topics, maintained and continuously updated by the community.
* [https://theodinproject.com The Odin Project - Full Stack Curriculum] – A complete open-source curriculum that covers JavaScript through practical, real-world projects.
* [https://github.com/micromata/awesome-javascript-learning Awesome JavaScript Learning List - GitHub] – A curated list of JavaScript tutorials, books, and courses maintained by the developer community.

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[[Category:Outlines of computing and engineering|JavaScript]]

Outline of the JavaScript programming language - Revision history

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