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{{Short description|Archaeological site in Donghe, Taitung County, Taiwan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Fengbitou Archaeological Site
| native_name = 鳳鼻頭遺址
| native_name_lang = zh
| alternate_name =
| image = Fengbitou Archaeological Site 鳳鼻頭考古遗址 - panoramio.jpg
| image_size = 220px
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| map_type = Kaohsiung
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| map_size = 220px
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| relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|22|30|38.1|N|120|22|2.4|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=inline,title}}
| gbgridref =
| map_dot_label = Fengbitou Archaeological Site
| location = [[Linyuan District|Linyuan]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]]
| region =
| type = [[archaeological site]]
| part_of = Fengshan Hill
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| area = 9.77 hectares
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| discovered = 1941
| excavations = 1945, 1965
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}}

The '''Fengbitou Archaeological Site''' ({{zh|t=鳳鼻頭遺址|s=凤鼻头遗址|first=t|p=Fèngbítóu Yízhǐ}}), officially known as '''Fengpitou (Chungkengmen) Archaeological Site''' (in Taiwan's archaeological tradition, it is usually spelled n Wade–Giles system), is an [[archaeological site]] in Chungmen Village, [[Linyuan District]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]], on the plateau north to the Chungkengmen Settlement. It’s at the southern direction of Fengshan Hill, with an area of 9.7 hectares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-02 |title=大林蒲-鳳鼻頭 |url=http://dalinpu.kcg.gov.tw/home02.aspx?ID=$1005&IDK=2&EXEC=L |access-date=2023-10-02 |archive-date=2 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164716/http://dalinpu.kcg.gov.tw/home02.aspx?ID=$1005&IDK=2&EXEC=L |url-status=dead }}</ref> The archaeological culture can be dated back to 2,000 to 5,200 years ago, and the cultural layers includes [[Tapenkeng culture|Tapenkeng Culture]], Fengpitou Type of Niuchoutzi Culture, and Fengpitou Culture,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=文化部文化資產局--國家文化資產網 |url=https://nchdb.boch.gov.tw/assets/overview/archaeologicalSite/20060501000005 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=nchdb.boch.gov.tw}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=鳳鼻頭簡介 |url=https://heritage.kcg.gov.tw/Fengpitou/StaticPage/Fengpitou01 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=高雄縣豐富之旅 |publisher=串門企業 |year=2000 |isbn=9789579863704 |editor-last=鄭德慶}}</ref> demonstrating the prehistoric development of southwestern Taiwan.

==History==
The site was discovered by Japanese scholar Sueo Kaneko around 1941.<ref>{{Cite web |last=何傳坤 |date=2020-09-27 |title=臺灣高雄鳳鼻頭遺址出土動物骨骼的動物考古學及埋藏學研究 |url=http://edresource.nmns.edu.tw/ShowObject.aspx?id=0b81d9e9c00b81d9e9d00b81d5150e |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=國立自然科學博物館科普學習資源 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927072109/http://edresource.nmns.edu.tw/ShowObject.aspx?id=0b81d9e9c00b81d9e9d00b81d5150e |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1943, Naoichi Kokubu was also investigating the site. In 1945, Japanese archaeologist Kiyotari Tsuboi excavated the site and presented his findings at an international conference in 1953, and named it “Fengpitou”, and it was often called the site of the original name "Zhongkengmen" by this name.<ref name=":1" /> Later on, [[Chang Kuang-chih|Chang Kuang-Chih]], Huang Shih-Chiang, and Liu I-Chang also conducted investigations, trail excavations, and excavations. The site currently functions as orchard, plantation, and burial ground.

==Geology==
The 9.77-hectare site is located at the slope of Fengshan Hill with a shape of a fan. The hill has a height of 15–20 meters and the site is located at the elevation of 28–55 meters above sea level.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nchdb.boch.gov.tw/english/cultureassets/Archeology/upt.aspx?assetsClassifyId=2.1&p0=9548|title=Fengbitou Archaeological Site|website=Bureau of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture|accessdate=16 January 2017}}</ref> The site is located near the area of [[Fengbitou]].

== Discovery ==
The unearthed artifacts include the [[Cord-marked pottery|cord-marked potteries]], [[net sinker]]s, and spearheads of the [[Tapenkeng culture|Tapenkeng Culture]] 4,300 to 5,000 years ago (3050 to 2350 B.C.E.); red cord-marked potteries, pottery vases, pottery bowls, ceramic [[spindle whorl]], axe-hoe tools, spear tools, stone knives, and [[adze]]s, which are mostly made of [[picrite basalt]] and thus suspected to be related to [[Penghu]], of the [[Niuchouzi Culture|Niuchoutzi Culture]] 3,500 to 4,300 years ago (2350 to 1550 B.C.E.); and painted potteries, black potteries, polished black pottery jars, pottery cups, pottery bowls, ceramic spindle whorl, axe-hoe tools, adzes, stone knives, spearheads, net sinkers, earrings, stone rings, and [[midden]]s of the [[Fengpitou Culture]] 2,000 to 3,500 years ago (1550 to 50 B.C.E.). In addition to the prehistoric [[cultural layer]], remains of [[Qing dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] and [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese Colonial Era]] can also be found.<ref name=":1" />

== Designated as a national archaeological site ==
As the site contains rich cultural layers, represent the prehistoric development sequence in southwestern Taiwan, and serves as the representation of Fengpitou Culture, it is designated as national historic site on February 11, 2000, and was changed as a national archaeological site on May 1, 2006.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
* [[Prehistory of Taiwan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Archaeological sites in Taiwan}}

[[Category:1941 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kaohsiung]]

{{Asia-archaeology-stub}}
{{Taiwan-geo-stub}}

Fengbitou Archaeological Site - Revision history

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