Calliostoma
| Calliostoma | |
|---|---|
| File:Calliostoma ligatum 2.jpg | |
| A live individual of Calliostoma ligatum with the operculum showing at the back (on the left) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Calliostomatidae |
| Subfamily: | Calliostomatinae |
| Genus: | Calliostoma Swainson, 1840 |
| Type species | |
| Trochus conulus Linnaeus, 1758
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Calliostoma is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails with gills and an operculum, marine gastropod molluscs within the family Calliostomatidae, the Calliostoma top snails. Previously this genus was placed within the family Trochidae. Calliostoma is the type genus of the family Calliostomatidae.
Description
[edit | edit source]The name of this genus is derived from the Greek words kallos (beautiful) and stoma (mouth), referring to the pearly aperture of the shell. The genus Calliostoma is known in fossil records from the Upper Cretaceous onwards.[2]
The thin, acute, coeloconoid (approaching conical shape but with concave sides) shell is imperforate or rarely umbilicate. The whorls are smooth, often polished and spirally ridged or granular. The body whorl is angulated at the periphery. The aperture is quadrangular, sinuated at the base and slightly oblique. The columella is simple, usually ending anteriorly in a slight tooth.[3] The nucleus appears to be either dextral or sinistral indifferently.[4][5]
Species
[edit | edit source]As of 2022, Calliostoma is treated as a very broad genus of about 300 accepted species.[6] While current information is too fragmentary to assign all species in a revised genus, it is expected to be broken up and (some) subgenera will be elevated to the status of genus.[citation needed]
Distribution and habitat
[edit | edit source]The distribution of this genus is worldwide, found mainly on hard substrates, although Japanese species have been found on sandy bottoms. These snails occur from shallow waters to bathyal depths.
Behaviour and ecology
[edit | edit source]The species in this genus are mainly herbivorous or feed on detritus,[7] although a few have been observed to be omnivorous (Keen, 1975) or even carnivorous, feeding on a wide range of algae and on animals belonging to various other invertebrate phyla.[8] The North Atlantic topshell Calliostoma occidentale has been reported to feed on coelenterates.[9]
Contrary to what is the case in most other top shells, species of the genus Calliostoma deposits their eggs in gelatinous ribbons that are only fertilized after being deposited. The young emerge as small snails (Lebour, 1936) without passing through a free-living planktonic stage as a veliger larva.
Gallery
[edit | edit source]-
Drawing of a dorsal view of a living animal of Calliostoma bairdii dredged in the Atlantic Ocean at a depth of from 100m to 1170m.
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Rare purple beaded specimen of Calliostoma supragranosum found subtidally in Southern California.
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These shells are from the species Calliostoma formosense, originating from the island of Taiwan.
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Calliostoma Swainson, 1840. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 30 October 2010.
- ^ Shimer & Shrock (1944). Index fossils of North America.
- ^ Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
- ^ Dall W. H. 1889. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879–80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake", Lieut.-Commander C.D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part 2, Gastropoda and Scaphopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 18: 1–492, pls. 10–40
- ^ Swainson, W. 1840. A treatise on malacology, or shells and shell-fish; London
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- ^ Clench W. & Turner R. (1960). "The genus Calliostoma in the western Atlantic". Johnsonia 4(40) :1-80.
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- Vilvens C. (2012) New species and new records of Seguenzioidea and Trochoidea (Gastropoda) from French Polynesia. Novapex 13(1): 1–23. [10 March 2012] page(s): 18
Further reading
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- Vilvens C. (2009). New species and new records of Calliostomatidae (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) from New Caledonia and Solomon Islands. Novapex 10(4): 125-163
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