Villa rustica

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File:Roman Villa Rustica Model.jpg
Scale model of a Roman villa rustica. Remains of villas of this type have been found in the vicinity of Valjevo, Serbia.

Villa rustica (transl. farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans[1][2] to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.[3][4][5][6][7]

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house),[8] and the pars rustica (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

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See also: List of Roman villas in Belgium and List of Roman sites in Spain

Austria

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Bosnia-Herzegovina

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Bulgaria

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Italy

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File:Boscoreale Villa Rustica.jpg
Boscoreale villa
File:Villa Volusii Saturnini 3.jpg
Mosaic floor at Villa dei Volusii

Portugal

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File:Vila Cardílio em Torres Novas.jpg
Villa of Torre de Palma

Turkey

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United Kingdom

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See also: List of Roman villas in England and List of Roman villas in Wales
File:Littlecote Roman Villa 1.JPG
Orpheus mosaic at Littlecote Roman Villa
File:Montmaurin-01.jpg
Ruins of the Villa rustica, Montmaurin

France

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See also: Roman villas in northwestern Gaul

Germany

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File:Wurmlingen Badegebäude.jpg
Wurmlingen
File:Haselburg Haupthaus 6.jpg
Villa rustica, Haselburg at Höchst i. Odw., Hypocaust of the main building
File:Eschweiler, Propsteier Villa, Raum I.jpg
Eschweiler

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Hesse

Northrhine-Westphalia

Rheinland-Palatine

File:Villa Rustica Ahrweiler Kleiner Raum östlich des Korridors.jpg
Ceiling painting at the Roman villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler

Saarland

Serbia

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Switzerland

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Aargau

Basel-Landschaft

Genf

Jura

Solothurn

Waadt

Zürich

References

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  1. ^ Varro, de Rustica I.11, 13
  2. ^ Columella I.4 § 6
  3. ^ Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  4. ^ Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  5. ^ Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  6. ^ John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ^ John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
  8. ^ Pliny, II.17
  9. ^ Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ^ Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ gastgeber-hessen.de[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ ka.stadtwiki.net
  14. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  17. ^ naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  22. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  23. ^ altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  26. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  27. ^ roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  29. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  30. ^ Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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