Turku Arabic
| Turku Arabic | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Chad |
Arabic-based creole
| |
Early form | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | turk1244 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Turku Arabic or simply just Turku is an extinct variant of Bimbashi Arabic that served as a lingua franca in Chad.[1] It is the ancestor to Bongor Arabic[2] and potentially other Arabic pidgins spoken in Chad today, but since they have not been described, it is unclear whether they are direct descendants of Turku.[3]
History
[edit | edit source]Turku emerged as a regional variant of Bimbashi Arabic when Bimbashi-speaking enslaved soldiers were forced to relocate from Sudan to Chad after the abolition of slavery in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1879.[2] The primary lexifier of Turku is Sudanese Arabic, and it is also heavily influenced by Sango and Sara-Bagirmi languages, from which most of its loanwords originate.[2] Although not much is known about Turku, a dictionary and a phrasebook were published in 1926.[4]
Grammar
[edit | edit source]Turku had at least 2 tense/aspect markers: gahed (a continuous aspect particle) and bi- (a future tense particle). Similar particles are also found in Juba Arabic and Nubi.[5]
Vocabulary
[edit | edit source]| Turku[2] | Origin[2] | English |
|---|---|---|
| adinbang | From Bagirmi ádim mbàŋ | eunuch |
| gao | From Sar gáw | hunter |
| ngari | From Mbay ngàrì | manioc |
| kay | From Sango kâî | paddle |
| itenan | From French lieutenant | lieutenant |
| pfil | From Arabic فيل fīl | elephant |
References
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