Template:Addiction-related plasticity


Form of neuroplasticity or behavioral plasticity	Type of reinforcer						Ref.
Form of neuroplasticity or behavioral plasticity	Opiates	Psychostimulants	High fat or sugar food	Sexual intercourse	Physical exercise (aerobic)	Environmental enrichment	Ref.
ΔFosB expression in nucleus accumbens D1-type MSNsTooltip medium spiny neurons	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	^[1]
Behavioral plasticity
Escalation of intake	Yes	Yes	Yes				^[1]
Psychostimulant cross-sensitization	Yes	Not applicable	Yes	Yes	Attenuated	Attenuated	^[1]
Psychostimulant self-administration	↑	↑	↓		↓	↓	^[1]
Psychostimulant conditioned place preference	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓	↑	^[1]
Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior	↑	↑			↓	↓	^[1]
Neurochemical plasticity
CREBTooltip cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens	↓	↓	↓		↓	↓	^[1]
Sensitized dopamine response in the nucleus accumbens	No	Yes	No	Yes			^[1]
Altered striatal dopamine signaling	↓DRD2, ↑DRD3	↑DRD1, ↓DRD2, ↑DRD3	↑DRD1, ↓DRD2, ↑DRD3		↑DRD2	↑DRD2	^[1]
Altered striatal opioid signaling	No change or ↑μ-opioid receptors	↑μ-opioid receptors ↑κ-opioid receptors	↑μ-opioid receptors	↑μ-opioid receptors	No change	No change	^[1]
Changes in striatal opioid peptides	↑dynorphin No change: enkephalin	↑dynorphin	↓enkephalin		↑dynorphin	↑dynorphin	^[1]
Mesocorticolimbic synaptic plasticity
Number of dendrites in the nucleus accumbens	↓	↑		↑			^[1]
Dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens	↓	↑		↑			^[1]

References