Rhus glabra
| Rhus glabra | |
|---|---|
| File:Rhus glabra AR.jpg | |
| Rhus glabra flowers | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Rhus |
| Species: | R. glabra
|
| Binomial name | |
| Rhus glabra | |
| File:Rhus glabra range map 4.png | |
| Natural range of Rhus glabra | |
Rhus glabra, the smooth sumac,[2] (also known as white sumac, upland sumac, or scarlet sumac)[3] is a North American species of sumac in the family Anacardiaceae.
Description
[edit | edit source]Smooth sumac has a spreading, open habit, growing up to 3 metres (10 ft) tall.[4] The bark is smooth and gray to brown.[4]
The leaves are alternate, 30–50 centimetres (12–20 in) long, compound with 11–31 oppositely paired leaflets. Each leaflet is 5–13 cm (2–5 in) long, with a serrated margin.[4] The leaves turn scarlet in the fall.
The species is dioecious.[4] The flowers are tiny, green, produced in dense erect panicles 10–25 cm (4–10 in) tall, in the spring, later followed by large panicles of edible crimson berries that remain throughout the winter. The buds are small, covered with brown hair and borne on fat, hairless twigs.
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Fruit
Distribution and habitat
[edit | edit source]It is native to North America, from southern Quebec west to southern British Columbia in Canada, and south to northern Florida and Arizona in the United States and Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico.
It can be found in a wide variety of habitats, from streambanks to dry and montane slopes.[4]
Ecology
[edit | edit source]In late summer it sometimes forms galls on the underside of leaves, caused by the parasitic sumac leaf gall aphid, Melaphis rhois. The galls are not harmful to the tree.
Uses
[edit | edit source]Native Americans ate the young sprouts as a salad.[5] The fruit is sour and contains a large seed, but can be chewed (to alleviate thirst) and made into a lemonade-like drink. Deer forage the twigs and fruit.[6]
In 2020, archaeologists unearthed a pipe at a dig in Central Washington state, showing chemical evidence that a Native American tribe had smoked R. glabra either alone or in a blend with tobacco, perhaps "for its medicinal qualities and to improve the flavor of smoke".[7]
References
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- ^ An Ancient Residue Metabolomics-Based Method to Distinguish Use of Closely Related Plant Species in Ancient Pipes
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Bioimages: Rhus glabra
- Smooth Sumac on eNature
- Smooth Sumac of Kansas
- Identifying Invasive Plants Detailed photos to distinguish Smooth Sumac from similar plants
- Vegetation Management Guideline Control Recommendations
- Non-tobacco plant identified in ancient pipe for first time
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