Reformed confessions of faith
The reformed confessions of faith are the confessional documents of various Reformed churches. These express the doctrinal views of the churches adopting the confession. Confessions play a crucial part in the theological identity of reformed churches, either as standards to which ministers must subscribe, or more generally as accurate descriptions of their faith. Most confessions date to the 16th and 17th century.
Catechisms, canons, theses and other such documents may not be confessions per se, yet these still serve as symbols of the reformed faith.[1]
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Confessions
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Confessions state that church's beliefs in a full, while not exhaustive, way.
Continental Reformed
[edit | edit source]- Confession of the East Friesland Preachers (1528)[2]: 15
- Tetrapolitan Confession (1530)
- Synodical Declaration of Bern (1532)[2]: 13
- First Confession of Basel (1534)[3]
- First Helvetic Confession/Second Confession of Basel (1536)[3]
- Geneva Confession (1536)[3]
- Altered Augsburg Confession (1540)[4]
- Confession of the English Congregation at Geneva (1556)[3]
- Guanabara Confession of Faith (1558)[5]
- Authored by Huguenots in South America
- French Confession of Faith (1559)
- Confession of the Christian Faith (1559)[2]: 19
- Belgic Confession (1561)
- Second Helvetic Confession (1562)
- Erlauthal Confession (1562)[2]: 18
- Hungarian Confession (1562)[2]: 19
- Confession of Nassau (1578)[2]: 21
- Bremen Consensus (1595)[2]: 21
- Sigismund Confession (1614)[2]: 21
- Theological Declaration of Barmen (1934)
- Belhar Confession (1986)
- First adopted in South Africa and since adopted by many mainline Reformed churches.
Presbyterian
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- Scots Confession (1560)[6]
- Westminster Confession of Faith (1646)[7]
- Confession of Faith Ratification Act (1690)
- Confession of 1967[8]
- Brief Statement of Faith (1991)[9]
Congregationalist
[edit | edit source]The presbyterians' Westminster was formed by an assembly of ministers called by parliament for use in the established churches of England and Scotland. For congregationalists, this was not the case. The difference in application of the congregationalists' primary confession, Savoy, is that it was written as a declaration of consensus, and as such it was not treated as morally binding upon church officers like Westminster for presbyterians[10] (called subscriptionism[11]).
Local congregational churches are historically formed around covenants (e.g. the Dedham Covenant), often unique to that church, another kind of confession.[1]
- Westminster Confession of Faith (1646)
- Though not produced by congregationalists, the Synod of Cambridge (1648) adopted the WCF without revision, only referring to their own Cambridge Platform regarding church government (ch. XXV., XXX., and XXXI)[12]
- Savoy Declaration (1658)[13][14]
- The Declaration of 1833[14]
- Declaration of Faith (1865)[12]
Baptist
[edit | edit source]Baptist confessions, like the congregationalists, are statements of agreement rather than enforceable rules. They "have never been held as tests of orthodoxy, as of any authoritative or binding force; they merely reflect the existing harmony of views and the scriptural interpretations of the churches assenting to them."[15]
Part of the baptist movement finds its origin in the nonconformist movement in England, observing Calvinistic theology with the presbyterians and congregationalists. Calvinistic baptists are called reformed or particular baptists. There are further subdivisions of reformed baptists, such as regular and primitive.
Baptist churches, like the congregationalists with whom they share views of polity, compose church covenants for the local congregation.[1]
- First London Baptist Confession (1644)[16]
- The Confession of Somerset (1656)[15]
- Second London Baptist Confession (1689)[17]
- Adopted in America as the Philadelphia Confession (1742)[15]
- New Hampshire Confession (1833 or 1844)[15]
- Baptist Affirmation of Faith 1966
Anglican
[edit | edit source]Anglican churches are not confessional in the same strict sense as in Lutheran churches.[18][19] Anglican doctrine is most defined by Lex orandi, lex credendi ("the law of praying [is] the law of believing").[20][21]
- Forty-two Articles (1553)[22]
- Thirty-Nine Articles (1562/63)[23][22]
Methodist
[edit | edit source]- Calvinistic Methodist Confession of Faith (1823)[24]
Catechisms
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Catechisms are teaching tools in the church, usually in a question and answer format.
Continental
[edit | edit source]- Genevan Catechism (1541)
- Emden Catechism (1554)[2]: 15
- Heidelberg Catechism (1563)
- Wittenberg Catechism (1571)[2]: 21
Presbyterian
[edit | edit source]- Westminster Shorter Catechism (1649)
- Westminster Larger Catechism (1649)
Congregationalist
[edit | edit source]Baptist
[edit | edit source]- Keach's Catechism (1677)
Anglican
[edit | edit source]- Anglican Catechism (1549)[25]
- Found within the Book of Common Prayer
Constitutions, ordinals, and platforms of church order
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These documents relate to the ecclesiastical polity of the church.
Continental
[edit | edit source]- Church Order of Dort (1618)
- Ecclesiastical Ordinances (1641)[26]
Presbyterian
[edit | edit source]Congregationalist
[edit | edit source]- Cambridge Platform (1648)[27]
- Platform of Discipline of the Savoy Declaration (1658)
- Full title: Of the Institution of Churches, and the Order appointed in them by Jesus Christ
- Fifteen Articles of the Saybrook Platform (1708)
- Boston Platform (1865)[12]
Occasional documents
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These documents are less general in scope than a usual confession. They may confess that church's response to a theological controversy (e.g. the Canons of Dort) or seek to find common ground between discrete churches (e.g. the Consensus Tigurinus).
- Zwingli's Sixty-Seven Articles (1523)[3]
- Ten Theses of Berne (1528)[3]
- Lausanne Articles (1536)[3]
- Zurich Consensus (1549)[2]: 14
- Sendomir Consensus (1570)[2]: 19
- Harmony of the Confessions of Faith (1581), a response to the Lutheran Formula of Concord.
- Canons of Dort (1619)
- Helvetic Consensus (1675)
- Conclusions of Utrecht (1905)
References
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Carson, D. A. (27 January 2015). Themelios, Volume 36, Issue 2. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 313. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
- ^ Scots Confession (1560). Confession of Faith Ratification Act (1560), (Acts of the Old Scottish Parliament). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aosp/1560/1.
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- ^ Bremer, Francis J.; Webster, Tom, Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2006, p. 354.
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b c d Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Gribben, Crawford. The Puritan Millennium: Literature and Theology, 1550–1682 (Revised Edition), Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2008, p. 252.
- ^ The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith, Documents, Reformed.
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- ^ Walker 1894, pp. 114, 221.