Queen Sinŭi

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Queen Sinŭi
신의왕후
神懿王后
Queen of Joseon (posthumously)
Empress of Korea (posthumously)
Born6 October 1337
Ssangseong Prefecture, Great Yuan
Died25 November 1391(1391-11-25) (aged 54)
Yi Sŏnggye's Mansion, Dongbuk-myeon, Goryeo
Burial
Cherŭng Mausoleum, Kaep'ung Ward, Kaesŏng, North Korea
Spouse
​
(m. 1351⁠–⁠1391)​
Issue
Posthumous name
  • Goryeo: Honorable Madame Han (1351)
    • 정부인 한씨
    • 貞夫人 韓氏
  • Joseon: Queen Mother Seungin Sunseong Sinui (1408)[1] → Queen Seungin Sunseong Sinui (1683)[2]
    • 승인순성신의왕태후 → 승인순성신의왕후
    • 承仁順聖神懿王太后 → 承仁順聖神懿王后
  • Korean Empire: Sinui, Empress Go (1899)[3]
    • 신의고황후
    • 神懿高皇后
Clan
DynastyHouse of Yi (by marriage)
FatherHan Gyeong
MotherLady Sin of the Sangnyeong Shin clan
ReligionKorean Buddhism
Korean name
Hangul
신의왕후
Hanja
神懿王后
RRSinui wanghu
MRSinŭi wanghu

Queen Sinŭi (Korean: 신의왕후 한씨; Hanja: 神懿王后 韓氏; 6 October 1337 – 25 November 1391),[a] of the Cheongju Han clan, was the first wife of Yi Sŏnggye (future King Taejo of Joseon). She was the mother of King Jeongjong and King Taejong.

She was firstly given the title of Consort Chŏl (절비; 節妃) in 1393. After her second son (Yi Bang-gwa) became king, she was posthumously honored as Queen Sinŭi (신의왕후; 神懿王后). In 1899, after the founding of the Korean Empire, she was elevated as Sinŭi, the Dignified Empress (신의고황후; 神懿高皇后).[4]

Biography

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Early life

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The future Queen Sinŭi was born during King Chungsuk of Goryeo's 5th year of reign on 6 October 1337.[5] Born into the Cheongju Han clan, Lady Han was the fifth child within ten siblings to Han Gyeong and his wife, Lady Sin of the Sangnyeong Shin clan.

In some sources, she is noted as a member of the Anbyeon Han clan, which was founded by Han Ryŏn (한련; 韓漣), a ninth-generation descendant of Han Ran (한란; 韓蘭), the progenitor of the Cheongju Han clan.

Marriage and later life

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In 1351, when she was 15 years old, she was arranged to marry Yi Sŏnggye who was two years older than her. She later gave birth to six sons and two daughters from 1354 to the 1370s. While Yi Sŏnggye (later Yi Tan) was traveling through the battlefield, Lady Han took care of the household affairs in his hometown and helped out.

During the Goryeo Dynasty, aristocratic men were allowed two wives; one wife was known as the kyŏngch'ŏ (경처), the capital wife, while the other wife was known as the hyangch'ŏ (향처), the countryside wife. In Kaegyŏng (modern-day Kaeseong), Yi Sŏnggye welcomed Lady Kang, a daughter of Kang Yun-seong, from the noble Goksan Kang clan, as his second (kyŏngch'ŏ) wife in 1370. Lady Kang would later become Queen Hyeon.

In 1388, during the 14th year of King U of Goryeo's reign, Lady Han stayed in Jaebyeok-dong, Pocheon, and fled back to Dongbuk-myeon with her children and remaining family under the guidance of her fifth son Yi Pangwŏn.[6] This eventually led her to be concerned about the threat of her life and she later died on 25 November 1391 at the age of 54. Her tomb is called Chenŭng and is located in present-day Kaesong, North Korea.

Post-death

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A year after Lady Han's death, her husband established the Joseon period; thus having her husband become king and her children become princes and princesses.

During King Taejo's 2nd year of reign in 1393, she was posthumously given the title of Queen Chŏl (절비; 節妃; Chŏlbi; 'Faithful Consort'). In 1398, during the first year of reign of her second eldest son, King Jeongjong, Lady Han was honored as Queen Sinŭi (신의왕후; 神懿王后).

After the death of Queen Hyeon in 1396, Queen Sinŭi's fifth son, Yi Pangwŏn, eventually led a coup d'etat with his wife, Princess Jeongnyeong's encouragement, while King Taejo was in mourning for his second wife. This event led to the deaths of Chŏng Tojŏn and his supporters, as well as the late Queen Sindeok's two sons: Yi Pangbŏn, Grand Prince Muan and Yi Pangsŏk, Grand Prince Uian. This incident became known as the First Strife of Princes.

Family

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  • Father: Han Kyŏng, Internal Prince Ancheon (한경 안천부원군; 韓卿 安川府院君; 1300–?)
  • Mother: Grand Lady of Samhan State of the Sangnyeong Shin clan (삼한국대부인 삭녕 신씨; 三韓國大夫人 朔寧 申氏; 1303–?)
  • Sibling(s):
    • Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨; 韓氏; 1322–?)
    • Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨; 韓氏; 1326–?)
    • Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨; 韓氏; 1328–?)
    • Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨; 韓氏; 1330–?)
    • Brother: Han Sŏnggi, Prince Ansan (안산군 한성기; 安山君 韓成己)
    • Brother: Han Kŏm, Duke Yangjŏng, Prince Ancheon (양정공 안천군 한검; 良精公 安川君 韓劍Lua error: not enough memory.)
    • Brother: Han Ch'angsu, Duke Yangjŏng, Prince Anwŏn (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
    • Brother: Han Kŭmgang (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
    • Brother: Han Yungjŏn (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
  • Husband: Yi Sŏnggye, King Taejo of Joseon (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 27 October 1335 – 18 June 1408)
    • Father-in-law: King Hwanjo of Joseon (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 20 January 1315 – 3 June 1361)
    • Mother-in-law: Queen Uihye of the Yeongheung Choe clan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1304–?)

Issue(s):

  • Son: Yi Pangu, Grand Prince Chinan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1354 – 15 January 1394)
  • Son: Yi Panggwa, Grand Prince Yŏngan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 18 July 1357 – 15 October 1419)
  • Son: Yi Pangŭi, Grand Prince Igan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1360 – 26 September 1404)
  • Daughter: Princess Kyŏngsin (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1362 – 29 April 1426)
  • Son: Yi Panggan, Grand Prince Hoean (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 2 July 1364 – 10 April 1421)
  • Son: Yi Pangwŏn, Grand Prince Chŏngan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 13 June 1367 – 30 May 1422)
  • Son: Yi Pangyŏn, Grand Prince Tŏgan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1370–1385)
  • Daughter: Princess Kyŏngsŏn (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1372–?)
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Notes

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  1. ^ In the Korean calendar (lunisolar), the Queen was born on 4 September 1337 and died on 23 September 1391.

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References

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  1. ^ 《태종실록》 16권, 태종 8년(1408년 명 영락(永樂) 6년) 9월 6일 (신해)
  2. ^ 《숙종실록》 14권, 숙종 9년(1683년 청 강희(康熙) 22년) 6월 12일 (계미)
  3. ^ 《고종실록》 39권, 고종 36년(1899년 대한 광무(光武) 3년) 12월 7일 (양력)
  4. ^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  5. ^ The Annals of Sunjo, Volume 27, 24th year of Sunjo (1824, 4th year of Dogwang, Qing) October 19th (uninhabited)
  6. ^ 《태조실록》 1권, 총서 89번째기사 (Translation: 《The Annals of King Taejo》 Volume 1, the 89th article in the series)

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