Silicate mineral

Lithium aluminium silicate mineral spodumene

Silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of Earth's crust.^[1]^[2]^[3]

In mineralogy, the crystalline forms of silica (SiO₂) are usually considered to be tectosilicates, and they are classified as such in the Dana system (75.1). However, the Nickel-Strunz system classifies them as oxide minerals (4.DA). Silica is found in nature as the mineral quartz and its polymorphs.

On Earth, a wide variety of silicate minerals occur in an even wider range of combinations as a result of the processes that have been forming and re-working the crust for billions of years. These processes include partial melting, crystallization, fractionation, metamorphism, weathering, and diagenesis.

File:Diatomaceous Earth BrightField.jpg

Diatomaceous earth, a biogenic form of silica as viewed under a microscope. The imaged region measures approximately 1.13 by 0.69 mm.

Living organisms also contribute to this geologic cycle. For example, a type of plankton known as diatoms construct their exoskeletons ("frustules") from silica extracted from seawater. The frustules of dead diatoms are a major constituent of deep ocean sediment, and of diatomaceous earth.^{[citation needed]}

General structure

A silicate mineral is generally an inorganic compound consisting of subunits with the formula [SiO_2+n]²ⁿ⁻. Although depicted as such, the description of silicates as anions is a simplification. Balancing the charges of the silicate anions are metal cations, M^x+. Typical cations are Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Na⁺. The Si-O-M linkage between the silicates and the metals are strong, polar-covalent bonds. Silicate anions ([SiO_2+n]²ⁿ⁻) are invariably colorless, or when crushed to a fine powder, white. The colors of silicate minerals arise from the metal component, commonly iron.

In most silicate minerals, silicon is tetrahedral, being surrounded by four oxides. The coordination number of the oxides is variable except when it bridges two silicon centers, in which case the oxide has a coordination number of two.

Some silicon centers may be replaced by atoms of other elements, still bound to the four corner oxygen corners. If the substituted atom is not normally tetravalent, it usually contributes extra charge to the anion, which then requires extra cations. For example, in the mineral orthoclase [KAlSi
₃O
₈]
_n, the anion is a tridimensional network of tetrahedra in which all oxygen corners are shared. If all tetrahedra had silicon centers, the anion would be just neutral silica [SiO
₂]
_n. Replacement of one in every four silicon atoms by an aluminum atom results in the anion [AlSi
₃O⁻
₈]
_n, whose charge is neutralized by the potassium cations K⁺
.

Main groups

In mineralogy, silicate minerals are classified into seven major groups according to the structure of their silicate anion:^[4]^[5]

Major group	Structure	Chemical formula	Example
Nesosilicates	isolated silicon tetrahedra	[SiO₄]⁴⁻	olivine, garnet, zircon...
Sorosilicates	double tetrahedra	[Si₂O₇]⁶⁻	epidote, melilite group
Cyclosilicates	rings	[Si_nO_3n]²ⁿ⁻	beryl group, tourmaline group
Inosilicates	single chain	[Si_nO_3n]²ⁿ⁻	pyroxene group
Inosilicates	double chain	[Si_4nO_11n]⁶ⁿ⁻	amphibole group
Phyllosilicates	sheets	[Si_2nO_5n]²ⁿ⁻	micas and clays
Tectosilicates	3D framework	[Al_xSi_yO_(2x+2y)]^x−	quartz, feldspars, zeolites

Tectosilicates can only have additional cations if some of the silicon is replaced by an atom of lower valence such as aluminum. Al for Si substitution is common.

Nesosilicates or orthosilicates

File:Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png

Orthosilicate anion SiO⁴⁻
₄. The grey ball represents the silicon atom, and the red balls are the oxygen atoms.

File:Nesosilicates exhibit, Museum of Geology, South Dakota.jpg

Nesosilicate specimens at the Museum of Geology in South Dakota

Nesosilicates (from Greek νῆσος nēsos 'island'), or orthosilicates, have the orthosilicate ion, present as isolated (insular) [SiO₄]⁴⁻ tetrahedra connected only by interstitial cations. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.A –examples include:

Phenakite group
- Phenakite – Be₂SiO₄
- Willemite – Zn₂SiO₄
Olivine group
- Forsterite – Mg₂SiO₄
- Fayalite – Fe₂SiO₄
- Tephroite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Garnet group
- Pyrope – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Almandine – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Spessartine – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Grossular – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Andradite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Uvarovite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Hydrogrossular – CaLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.AlLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.SiLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.OLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(SiOLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(OH)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Zircon group
- Zircon – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Thorite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Hafnon – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

File:Kyanite crystals.jpg

Kyanite crystals (unknown scale)

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. group
- Andalusite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Kyanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Sillimanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Dumortierite – AlLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.BOLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(SiOLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(O,OH)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Topaz – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Staurolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Humite group – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Norbergite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Chondrodite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Humite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Clinohumite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Datolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Titanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Chloritoid – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Mullite (aka Porcelainite) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

Sorosilicates

File:Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png

Pyrosilicate anion SiLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.OLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

File:Sorosilicates exhibit, Museum of Geology, South Dakota.jpg

Sorosilicate exhibit at Museum of Geology in South Dakota

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Sorosilicates (from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. 'heap, mound') have isolated pyrosilicate anions SiLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.OLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., consisting of double tetrahedra with a shared oxygen vertex—a silicon:oxygen ratio of 2:7. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.B. Examples include:

Thortveitite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Hemimorphite (calamine) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Lawsonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Axinite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Ilvaite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Epidote group (has both Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. and Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. groups}
- Epidote – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Zoisite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Tanzanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Clinozoisite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Allanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Dollaseite-(Ce) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Vesuvianite (idocrase) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

Cyclosilicates

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

File:Cyclosilicate exhibit, Museum of Geology, South Dakota.jpg

Cyclosilicate specimens at the Museum of Geology, South Dakota

File:Pezzottaite-256889.jpg

Pezzottaite

File:Bazzite - Fibbia Ticino Switzerland.jpg

Bazzite

Cyclosilicates (from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. 'circle'), or ring silicates, have three or more tetrahedra linked in a ring. The general formula is (Si_xO_3x)^2x−, where one or more silicon atoms can be replaced by other 4-coordinated atom(s). The silicon:oxygen ratio is 1:3. Double rings have the formula (Si_2xO_5x)^2x− or a 2:5 ratio. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.C. Possible ring sizes include:

6 units Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., beryl (red: Si, blue: O)

6 units Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., beryl (red: Si, blue: O)
3 units Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., benitoite

3 units Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., benitoite
4 units Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., papagoite

4 units Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., papagoite
9 units Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., eudialyte

9 units Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., eudialyte
12 units, double ring Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., milarite

12 units, double ring Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., milarite

Some example minerals are:

3-member single ring
- Benitoite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
4-member single ring
- Papagoite – CaCuAlSiLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.OLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(OH)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1..
6-member single ring
- Beryl – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Bazzite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Sugilite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Tourmaline – (Na,Ca)(Al,Li,Mg)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(Al,Fe,Mn)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(SiLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.OLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)(BOLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(OH)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Pezzottaite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Osumilite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Cordierite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Sekaninaite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
9-member single ring
- Eudialyte – NaLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.CaLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(Fe,Mn)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.ZrLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.SiO(O,OH,HLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.O)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(SiLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.OLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(SiLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.OLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(OH,Cl)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
6-member double ring
- Milarite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

The ring in axinite contains two B and four Si tetrahedra and is highly distorted compared to the other 6-member ring cyclosilicates.

Inosilicates

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Inosilicates (from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. [genitive: Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.] 'fibre'), or chain silicates, have interlocking chains of silicate tetrahedra with either Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., 1:3 ratio, for single chains or Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., 4:11 ratio, for double chains. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.D – examples include:

Single chain inosilicates

Pyroxene group^[6]
- Clinopyroxene subgroup
  - Aegirine (or acmite) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Augite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[7]
  - Diopside – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Hedenbergite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Jadeite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Pigeonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., where 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, x + y + z = 1 and y1 + z1 = 1^[8]
  - Spodumene – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Orthopyroxene subgroup
  - Enstatite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Ferrosilite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Pyroxferroite - Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[9]
Rhodonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[10]
Wollastonite group^[11]
- Pectolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Wollastonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

Double chain inosilicates

Amphibole group
- Anthophyllite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Cummingtonite series
  - Cummingtonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Grunerite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Tremolite series
  - Tremolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Actinolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Hornblende – (Ca,Na)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(Mg,Fe,Al)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.SiLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(Al,Si)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.OLua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.(OH)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Sodium amphibole group
  - Glaucophane – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Riebeckite (asbestos) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Arfvedsonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

Inosilicate, pyroxene family, with 2-periodic single chain Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., diopside

Inosilicate, pyroxene family, with 2-periodic single chain Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., diopside
Inosilicate, clinoamphibole, with 2-periodic double chains Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., tremolite

Inosilicate, clinoamphibole, with 2-periodic double chains Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1., tremolite
Inosilicate, unbranched 3-periodic single chain of wollastonite

Inosilicate, unbranched 3-periodic single chain of wollastonite
Inosilicate with 5-periodic single chain, rhodonite

Inosilicate with 5-periodic single chain, rhodonite
Inosilicate with cyclic branched 8-periodic chain, pellyite

Inosilicate with cyclic branched 8-periodic chain, pellyite

Phyllosilicates

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Phyllosilicates (from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. 'leaf'), or sheet silicates, form parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra with Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. or a 2:5 ratio. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.E. All phyllosilicate minerals are hydrated, with either water or hydroxyl groups attached. Many phyllosilicates are clay-forming and may be further classified as 1:1 clay minerals (one tetrahedral sheet and one octahedral sheet) and 2:1 clay minerals (one octahedral sheet between two tetrahedral sheets). Below is a list of the phyllosilicate mineral species that currently have articles on Wikipedia, with their chemical formulas and important varieties:

File:KaolinUSGOV.jpg

Kaolinite

Ajoite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[12]
Allophane – (Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2·2.5-3H₂O^[13]
Apophyllite group^[14]
- Fluorapophyllite-(K) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Armstrongite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[15]
Bannisterite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[16]
Carletonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[17]
Cavansite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (dimorph of pentagonite)^[18]
Chapmanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[19]
Chlorite group^[20] – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (2:1:1 clays)
- Chamosite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Fe endmember)
  - Thuringite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Fe-rich variety of chamosite)^[21]
- Clinochlore – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Mg endmember)
  - Seraphinite – variety of clinochlore with a radiating structure^[22]
- Cookeite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Delessite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[23]
- Sudoite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Chrysocolla – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[24]
Cymrite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[25]
Ekanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[26]
Ganophyllite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[27]
Gyrolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[28]
Hisingerite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[29]
Imogolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[30]
Kampfite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[31]
Kaolinite-Serpentine group^[32]
- Greenalite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Kaolinite subgroup (1:1 clays)
  - Dickite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Kaolinite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Halloysite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Serpentine subgroup
  - Amesite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Antigorite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
    - Bowenite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (yellow-green variety of antigorite)^[33]
  - Caryopilite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Chrysotile – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Cronstedtite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Fraipontite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Lizardite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Népouite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Pecoraite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Kegelite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[34]
Kerolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[35]
Macaulayite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[36]
Macdonaldite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[37]
Magadiite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[38]
Mica group^[39]
- Brittle mica group^[40]
  - Anandite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Bityite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Clintonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Margarite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Dioctahedral mica group
  - Celadonite subgroup
    - Aluminoceladonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
    - Celadonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Glauconite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Muscovite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[41]
    - Fuchsite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Cr replaces Al in muscovite)^[42]
    - Illite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (K-deficient muscovite)^[43] (2:1 clay)
    - Mariposite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Cr-bearing muscovite)^[44]
    - Phengite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Fe/Mg-bearing muscovite)^[45]
    - Sericite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[46]
  - Paragonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
    - Brammallite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Na-deficient variety of paragonite)^[47]
  - Roscoelite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Trioctahedral mica group
  - Aspidolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Biotite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
    - Annite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Fe endmember)
    - Manganophyllite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Mn-rich variety of biotite)^[48]
    - Phlogopite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Mg endmember)
    - Siderophyllite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Ephesite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Hendricksite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Lepidolite (polylithionite-trilithionite series) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Zinnwaldite series – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Nelenite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[49]
Neptunite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[50]
Okenite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[51]
Palygorskite group^[52] (2:1 clays)
- Palygorskite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Tuperssuatsiaite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Pentagonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (dimorph of cavansite)^[53]
Pyrophyllite-Talc group^[54]
- Minnesotaite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Pyrophyllite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Talc – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (2:1 clay)
Sanbornite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[55]
Searlesite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[56]
Sepiolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[57] (2:1 clay)
- Falcondoite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Ni analogue of sepiolite)^[58]
Smectite group^[59] (2:1 clays)
- Aliettite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[60]
- Hectorite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Montmorillonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Nontronite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Pimelite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Saliotite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Saponite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Sauconite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Stevensite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Stilpnomelane group^[61]
- Franklinphilite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Stilpnomelane – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Tumchaite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[62]
Ussingite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[63]
Vermiculite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[64] (2:1 clay)
Zakharovite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[65]
Zussmanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[66]

Phyllosilicate, mica group, muscovite (red: Si, blue: O)

Phyllosilicate, mica group, muscovite (red: Si, blue: O)
Phyllosilicate, single net of tetrahedra with 4-membered rings, apophyllite-(KF)-apophyllite-(KOH) series

Phyllosilicate, single net of tetrahedra with 4-membered rings, apophyllite-(KF)-apophyllite-(KOH) series
Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, pyrosmalite-(Fe)-pyrosmalite-(Mn) series

Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, pyrosmalite-(Fe)-pyrosmalite-(Mn) series
Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, zeophyllite

Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, zeophyllite
Phyllosilicate, double nets with 4- and 6-membered rings, carletonite

Phyllosilicate, double nets with 4- and 6-membered rings, carletonite

Tectosilicates

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

File:Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png

Silica family Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. 3D network), β-quartz

File:Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png

Aluminosilicate family, the 3D model of synthetic zeolite ZSM-5

File:Quartz oisan.jpg

Quartz

File:Lunar Ferroan Anorthosite (60025).jpg

Lunar ferroan anorthosite (plagioclase feldspar) collected by Apollo 16 astronauts from the Lunar Highlands near Descartes Crater

Tectosilicates, or "framework silicates," have a three-dimensional framework of silicate tetrahedra with Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. in a 1:2 ratio. This group comprises nearly 75% of the crust of the Earth.^[67] Tectosilicates, with the exception of the quartz group, are aluminosilicates. The Nickel–Strunz classifications are 9.F (tectosilicates without zeolitic Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.), 9.G (tectosilicates with zeolitic Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.), and 4.DA (quartz/silica group). Below is a list of the tectosilicate mineral species that currently have articles on Wikipedia, with their chemical formulas and important varieties:

Quartz group (silica) – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Chalcedony – cryptocrystalline variety of silica composed mostly of quartz with some moganite
  - Agate – banded variety of chalcedony
- Polymorphs of silica
  - α-quartz – trigonal, "normal" quartz under Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - β-quartz – hexagonal, high-temperature quartz
  - Coesite – monoclinic
  - Cristobalite – tetragonal
  - Melanophlogite – cubic or tetragonal, rare
  - Moganite – monoclinic
  - Stishovite – tetragonal, extremely hard and dense
  - Tridymite – orthorhombic
- Major varieties of quartz
  - Amethyst – violet from Fe³⁺
  - Citrine – yellow from Al color centers
  - Prasiolite – green from Fe²⁺
  - Smoky quartz – brown/gray from Al color centers
Feldspar group^[68]
- Alkali feldspar series (potassium feldspars or K-spar)
  - Microcline – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
    - Amazonite – green variety of microcline
  - Orthoclase – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
    - Moonstone – opalescent variety of orthoclase
  - Anorthoclase – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Sanidine – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Plagioclase feldspar series
  - Albite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Na endmember)
  - Oligoclase – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Na:Ca 90:10 to 70:30)^[69]
  - Andesine – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Na:Ca 50:50 to 70:30)^[70]
  - Labradorite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Na:Ca 30:70 to 50:50)^[71]
  - Bytownite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Na:Ca 10:90 to 30:70)^[72]
  - Anorthite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Ca endmember)
- Other feldspars
  - Buddingtonite — Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Celsian – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Hyalophane – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[73]
  - Rubicline – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[74]
Feldspathoid group^[75]
- Cancrinite subgroup
  - Afghanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Alloriite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Bystrite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Cancrinite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Farneseite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Sacrofanite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Vishnevite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Danalite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[76]
- Kalsilite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Leucite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Nepheline subgroup
  - Davidsmithite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Nepheline – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Sodalite subgroup
  - Hauyne – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Lazurite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Nosean – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Sodalite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Tugtupite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.^[77]
Scapolite group^[78]
- Marialite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Meionite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Zeolite group^[79]
- Amicite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Analcime – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Brewsterite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Chabazite-Lévyne subgroup
  - Chabazite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Lévyne – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Clinoptilolite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Cowlesite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Dachiardite-K – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Edingtonite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Erionite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Faujasite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Ferrierite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Ferrierite-Mg)
- Garronite-Ca – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Gismondine – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Gismondine-Ca)
- Gmelinite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Gmelinite-Na)
- Heulandite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Hsianghualite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Laumontite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Mordenite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Nabesite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Natrolite subgroup
  - Gonnardite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Mesolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Natrolite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Scolecite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Paulingite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Paulingite-K)
- Phillipsite subgroup
  - Harmotome – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Phillipsite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Phillipsite-Ca)
- Pollucite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Stilbite subgroup
  - Barrerite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Stellerite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  - Stilbite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Thomsonite subgroup – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Thomsonite-Ca)
- Wairakite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Yugawaralite – Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

References

^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A., & Zussman, J. (1992). An introduction to the rock forming minerals (2nd edition ed.). London: Longman Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis ||1985). Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, (20th edition ed.). Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

External links

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

pl:Krzemiany

[1] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[deer-2] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[hurlbut-3] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[4] Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A., & Zussman, J. (1992). An introduction to the rock forming minerals (2nd edition ed.). London: Longman Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[5] Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis ||1985). Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, (20th edition ed.). Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[6] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[7] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[8] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[9] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[10] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[11] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[12] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[13] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[14] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[15] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[16] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[17] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[18] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[19] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[20] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[21] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[22] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[23] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[24] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[25] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[26] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[27] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[28] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[29] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[30] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[31] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[32] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[33] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[34] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[35] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[36] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[37] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[38] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[39] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[40] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[41] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[42] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[43] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[44] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[45] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[46] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[47] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[48] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[49] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[50] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[51] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[52] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[53] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[54] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[55] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[56] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[57] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[58] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[59] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[60] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[61] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[62] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[63] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[64] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[65] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[66] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[deer4B-67] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[68] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[69] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[70] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[71] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[72] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[73] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[74] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[75] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[76] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[77] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[78] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

[79] Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.

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Silicate mineral

Contents

General structure

Main groups

Nesosilicates or orthosilicates

Sorosilicates

Cyclosilicates

Inosilicates

Single chain inosilicates

Double chain inosilicates

Phyllosilicates

Tectosilicates

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

Silicate mineral

General structure

Main groups

Nesosilicates or orthosilicates

Sorosilicates

Cyclosilicates

Inosilicates

Single chain inosilicates

Double chain inosilicates

Phyllosilicates

Tectosilicates

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

Search