Prunus cerasifera

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Not to be confused with plum-cherry hybrid.

Prunus cerasifera
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus subg. Prunus
Section: Prunus sect. Prunus
Species:
P. cerasifera
Binomial name
Prunus cerasifera
Ehrh. 1784 not Popov 1929 nor Lecoq & Lamotte 1848
Synonyms[2]
List
  • Selected synonyms
    • Prunus alpestris Schischk.
    • Prunus cerasifera subsp. myrobalana (L.) C.K.Schneid.
    • Prunus divaricata Ledeb.
    • Prunus domestica subsp. cerasifera (Ehrh.) Arcang.
    • Prunus domestica var. myrobalana L.
    • Prunus myrobalana (L.) Desf.
    • Prunus mirobalanus Poit. & Turpin
    • Prunus pissardii Carrière
    • Prunus sogdiana Vassilcz.
File:01 Prunus cerasifera.jpg
Prunus cerasifera

Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.[3] Native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere, P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum.

Description

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Wild types are large shrubs or small trees reaching 8–12 metres (26–39 ft) tall, sometimes spiny, with glabrous, ovate deciduous leaves 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long.[4] It is one of the first European trees to flower in spring,[4] often starting in mid-February before the leaves have opened. The flowers are white or pale pink and about 2 cm (3⁄4 in) across, with five petals and many stamens. The fruit is an edible drupe, 2–3 cm in diameter, ripening to yellow or red from early July to mid-September. They are self-fertile but can also be pollinated by other Prunus varieties such as the Victoria plum.[5] The plant propagates by seed or by suckering, and is often used as the rootstock for other Prunus species and cultivars.[4]

Distribution and habitat

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It is native to Southeast Europe[4][6][7] and Western Asia,[3][8] and is naturalised in the British Isles[4] and scattered locations in North America.[9][10][11] It is also naturalized in parts of Southeast Australia where it is considered to be a mildly invasive weed of bushland near urban centers.[citation needed]

Ecology

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P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum, Prunus domestica, perhaps crossing with the sloe, Prunus spinosa,[12] or perhaps the sole parent.[13] This would make it a parent of most of the commercial varieties of plum in the UK and mainland Europe: Victoria, greengages, bullace, etc.

Cultivation

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File:PrunusCerasiferaBonsai.jpg
Bonsai (shohin size)

The cherry plum is a popular ornamental tree for garden and landscaping use, grown for its very early flowering. Numerous cultivars have been developed, many of them selected for purple foliage, such as P. cerasifera var pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey (P. 'Atropurpurea').[4][14] The cultivar 'Nigra' with black foliage and pink flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[15] Prunus × cistena (purple leaf sand cherry), a hybrid of Prunus cerasifera and Prunus pumila, the sand cherry, also won the Award of Garden Merit.[16][17][18] These purple-foliage forms (often called 'purple-leaf plum'), also have dark purple fruit, which make an attractive, intensely coloured jam. They can have white or pink flowers. The cultivar 'Thundercloud' has bright red foliage which darkens purple.[19] Others, such as 'Lindsayae', have green foliage. Some kinds of purple-leaf plums are used for bonsai[14] and other forms of living sculpture. Cultivated cherry plums can have fruits, foliage, and flowers in any of several colours.

Uses

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The fruits are edible.[20] Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh, while others are sour and better for making jam. Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine where they are used to produce tkemali sauce, as well as a number of popular dishes, such as kharcho soup and chakapuli stew. It is a popular tree in Romania where its fruits are used for souring soups when immature, for eating raw when ripened, and for making moonshine when overripe because of their high sugar content.[citation needed]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ a b UConn Horticulture Archived 14 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b c d e f Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. includes photos and European distribution map
  7. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  8. ^ Flora of China, Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, 1789. 樱桃李 ying tao li
  9. ^ Flora of North America, Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, 1784. Cherry plum, myrobalan
  10. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)./
  13. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ^ a b Pissard Plum Fact Sheet
  15. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  17. ^ Plant Facts, Prunus x cistena - Purpleleaf Sand Cherry (Rosaceae)
  18. ^ Nazareth College, Purpleleaf Sand Cherry Prunus x cistena Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine/
  19. ^ Thundercloud Fact Sheet
  20. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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