Manubaran languages
(Redirected from Proto-Manubaran)
| Manubaran | |
|---|---|
| Mount Brown | |
| Geographic distribution | Mount Brown, southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea: Central Province |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | manu1261 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
The Manubaran languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Mount Brown in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
Languages
[edit | edit source]The languages are Doromu and Maria, and are 63% lexically similar.
Proto-language
[edit | edit source]Phonemes
[edit | edit source]Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[2]
*m *n *p *t *k *ʔ *b *d *g *s [*h] *w *ɾ *j
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
Pronouns
[edit | edit source]Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[2]
sg pl 1 *na *[o/u]na 2 *ja 3 *ina
Basic vocabulary
[edit | edit source]Usher (2020)
[edit | edit source]Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Mount Brown and Proto-Doromu-Koki, as well as Proto-Gebi and Proto-Maria, by Usher (2020) are:[2]
gloss Proto-Mount Brown Proto-Doromu-Koki Proto-Gebi Proto-Maria head *ada *ada ada *ada hair/feather(s) *u[w]e[t/k]a *u[w]eta uweta *u[w]eʔa ear *anema *anema anema *anema eye *ne *ne ne-una ne[ʔ]una nose *uɾuma *uɾuma uruma *uɾuma tooth *gade *gade gadi *gade tongue *api[j]e *aɸi[j]e api *aɸi[j]e blood *daweʔa *dawaʔa dawa *daweʔa bone *nena *nena nena *nena skin/bark *ɾoʔo *ɾoʔo lo-o *ɾoʔo breast *sisu *sisu sisu *hihu louse *gu[w]e *gu[w]e gu-e *gu[w]e dog *auna *auna auna *auna pig *dona *dona dona *dona bird *eɾena *eɾena eerma *eɾena egg *unema *unema unema *unema tree *jabo *jabo iabo *jabo man/husband *ami[j]e *ami[j]e amie *ami[j]e woman/wife *ɾema *ɾema lema sun *me[i]daʔa *me[i]daʔa meda *me[i]daʔa moon *ejoʔa *ejoʔo e-io *ejoʔa water/river *koɾu *koɾu oru ≈ koro- *ʔoɾu fire *ita *ita ita *iha stone *waʔiga waiga *waʔiga path *ida *ida ida name *ɾoka *ɾoka *ɾoʔa eat/drink *iɾi- *iɾi- *iɾi- one *jokohi *jokoi jokio *joʔohi two *[ɾ/j]ema *[ɾ]ema lema *jema
Ross (2014)
[edit | edit source]The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions by Malcolm Ross (2014)[3][4][5] are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[6]
gloss Proto-Manubaran Proto-Doromu Proto-Maria head *ada *ada *ada hair *weʔia *ue-ta *ueʔa ear *ane-ma *ane-ma *ane-ma eye *ne(u) *ne(-) *ne- nose *uru-ma *uru-ma *uru-ma tooth *gade *gade *gade tongue *afie *afie *ahie leg *[n,y]u-ka *yu-ka *nu-ʔa; *one-ʔa louse *gue *gue *gue dog *auna *auna *auna pig *Dona *dona *tona bird *erena *erena *erena egg *une-ma *une-ma *une-ma blood *tava *tae(k,ʔ)a bone *nena *nena *nena skin *roʔ(o,a) *ro(a) *roʔ(o,a) tree *yabo *yabo *yabo man *amie *amie *amie woman *rema *oue sky *gure *gure *gure sun *maida(ka) *meida(ka) *maidaʔa moon *e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?) *eoʔa water *koru *koru *ʔoru fire *ita *ita *ita stone *fore *vaʔiga name *roka *roka *roʔa-ba eat *iri- *iri *iri- one *yokohi *yokoima *yoʔohi two *(ye)(ka)ma[nu] *re-manu *ye-ma
Evolution
[edit | edit source]Maria reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[7]
- ama ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
- baba(e) ‘father’ < *mbapa
- kuyau ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
- ita(isa) ‘tree’ < *inda
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c New Guinea World, Mount Brown
- ^ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Manubaran. TransNewGuinea.org.
- ^ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Maria. TransNewGuinea.org.
- ^ Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Doromu. TransNewGuinea.org.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Manubaran. TransNewGuinea.org.
- Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Maria. TransNewGuinea.org.
- Ross, Malcolm. 2014. Proto-Doromu. TransNewGuinea.org.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range[permanent dead link]
- (ibid.) Proto–Mount Brown